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Florida Statute 35.15 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 35.15 Case Law from Google Scholar
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Link to State of Florida Official Statute Google Search for Amendments to 35.15

The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title V
JUDICIAL BRANCH
Chapter 35
DISTRICT COURTS OF APPEAL
View Entire Chapter
F.S. 35.15
35.15 Decisions to be filed; copies to be furnished.All decisions and opinions delivered by the district courts of appeal, or any judge thereof, relating to any action or proceeding pending in such court must be filed in the office of the clerk and maintained in the control of the clerk. Such decisions and opinions may not be taken from the clerk’s maintenance or control except by order of the court; however, the clerk must furnish certified copies of such opinions and decisions to any person who makes such a request, upon receiving any required fees.
History.s. 1, ch. 57-248; s. 200, ch. 95-147; s. 5, ch. 2021-230.

F.S. 35.15 on Google Scholar

F.S. 35.15 on Casetext

Amendments to 35.15


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 35.15
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 35.15.



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

UNITED STATES v. WALLEN,, 874 F.3d 620 (9th Cir. 2017)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15 (1) (same); Or. Rev. Stat. § 161.209 (same); S.D. . . .

SILVA, v. KEYSER,, 271 F. Supp. 3d 527 (S.D.N.Y. 2017)

. . . . § 35.15(2)(a); see also Bonilla v. Lee, 35 F.Supp.3d 551, 563 (S.D.N.Y. 2014). . . .

IN RE S. POWELL, v. S., 567 B.R. 429 (Bankr. N.D.N.Y. 2017)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15— was actually litigated or otherwise placed in issue in the prior proceeding. . . . Penal Law § 35.15 (McKinney). . . .

WILLIAMS, v. DAVIS,, 192 F. Supp. 3d 732 (S.D. Tex. 2016)

. . . Pro. art 35.15(a). . . .

RODRIGUEZ, v. HEATH,, 648 F. App'x 136 (2d Cir. 2016)

. . . Under New York Penal Law § 35.15, a justification charge is warranted if “any reasonable view of the . . . Penal Law § 35.15(l)(b), (2)(a). . . .

IN RE R. SOLIMAN, v. R., 539 B.R. 692 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2015)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15; see also In re Graham, 455 B.R. 227 (Bankr.D.Colo.2011) (stating that the “[d]efendant . . . Penal Law § 35.15 (emphasis added). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a), deadly physical force cannot be used if retreat can be made in complete safety . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1); see also People v. . . .

RODRIGUEZ, v. HEATH,, 138 F. Supp. 3d 237 (E.D.N.Y. 2015)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15; see also Jackson v. Edwards, 404 F.3d 612, 623 (2d Cir.2005). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1)(b). . . .

DOAK, v. JOHNSON, U. S., 798 F.3d 1096 (D.C. Cir. 2015)

. . . nearly exhausted her twelve weeks of FMLA leave and had negative balances of 233 hours of sick leave and 35.15 . . .

DOAK, v. JOHNSON, U. S., 418 U.S. App. D.C. 375 (D.C. Cir. 2015)

. . . nearly exhausted her twelve weeks of FMLA leave and had negative balances of 233 hours of sick leave and 35.15 . . .

SMITH, v. ARTUS,, 610 F. App'x 23 (2d Cir. 2015)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1), though “[a] person may not use deadly physical force upon another person ... unless . . . other person is using or about to use deadly physical force” or certain other conditions are met, id. § 35.15 . . .

BONILLA, v. LEE,, 35 F. Supp. 3d 551 (S.D.N.Y. 2014)

. . . New York Penal Law § 35.15(2) provides in relevant part that a person may not use deadly physical force . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . .

DOAK, v. JOHNSON,, 19 F. Supp. 3d 259 (D.D.C. 2014)

. . . remaining, and that she currently had negative leaves balances of 233 hours of sick leave and negative 35.15 . . .

UNITED STATES v. DAVIS,, 531 F. App'x 65 (2d Cir. 2013)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1) (McKinney 2004). . . .

GARGUILIO, v. HEATH,, 293 F.R.D. 146 (E.D.N.Y. 2013)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . .

LEVY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK,, 935 F. Supp. 2d 575 (E.D.N.Y. 2013)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15 states, “A person may ... use physical force upon another person when and to the extent . . . Penal Law § 35.15, thus negating a finding of probable cause. . . .

NORTHEASTERN RURAL ELECTRIC MEMBERSHIP CORPORATION, v. WABASH VALLEY POWER ASSOCIATION, INC., 707 F.3d 883 (7th Cir. 2013)

. . . . § 35.15 (requiring notice and filing with FERC to cancel or terminate a rate schedule). . . . Id.; 18 C.F.R. § 35.15. . . .

COUNCIL OF CITY OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA, v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION,, 692 F.3d 172 (D.C. Cir. 2012)

. . . . § 35.15 (“When a rate schedule, tariff or service agreement or part thereof required to be on file . . .

HUBRECHT, v. ARTUS,, 457 F. App'x 29 (2d Cir. 2012)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)). . . .

PUERTO RICO TELEPHONE COMPANY, INC. v. TELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATORY BOARD OF PUERTO RICO L v. L, 665 F.3d 309 (1st Cir. 2011)

. . . Consequently, upon reconsideration, we reject the Arbitrator’s requirement to increase demand by 35.15 . . .

RODRIGUEZ, v. ERCOLE,, 421 F. App'x 118 (2d Cir. 2011)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . .

M. LINNEN, v. POOLE,, 766 F. Supp. 2d 427 (W.D.N.Y. 2011)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15, and the defense of extreme emotional disturbance, which is a partial affirmative defense . . .

CALDWELL, v. THALER,, 770 F. Supp. 2d 849 (S.D. Tex. 2011)

. . . Code Crim Proc. art. 35.15(b). . . . .

DeLEON, v. LEMPKE,, 401 F. App'x 610 (2d Cir. 2010)

. . . New York Penal Law § 35.15 provides that the use of force is justified in the following circumstances . . . Penal Law § 35.15 (McKinney 1997). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)). . . .

PETRONIO, v. WALSH,, 736 F. Supp. 2d 640 (E.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . .

BARNEY, v. T. CONWAY,, 730 F. Supp. 2d 264 (W.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . and use of force are not the same, and justification, by the very words of the statute (Penal Law § 35.15 . . . does not involve the use of physical force, there are no circumstances when justification (Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

SMITH, v. PEREZ,, 722 F. Supp. 2d 356 (W.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a), and the defensive use of deadly physical force against a rape or sodomy, or . . . attempt to commit a rape or sodomy, id., § 35.15(2)(b). . . .

CUNNINGHAM, v. T. CONWAY,, 717 F. Supp. 2d 339 (W.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a); see People v. . . .

THEME PROMOTIONS, INC. a d b a Co- Op v. NEWS AMERICA MARKETING FSI, INC. a, 731 F. Supp. 2d 937 (N.D. Cal. 2010)

. . . locality-based pay differentials between the Washington-Baltimore area (+24.22%) and the San Francisco area ( + 35.15% . . .

DINGLE, v. MANCE, M., 716 F. Supp. 2d 309 (S.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . . § 35.15(1). . Id. § 35.15(2)(a). . Id. § 35.15(2)(a)(i). . Jackson v. . . .

M. LINNEN, v. POOLE,, 689 F. Supp. 2d 501 (W.D.N.Y. 2010)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15, and the defense of extreme emotional disturbance, which is a partial affirmative defense . . .

ROBINSON, v. ARTUS,, 674 F. Supp. 2d 435 (W.D.N.Y. 2009)

. . . a jury instruction on the defense of justification (self-defense) pursuant to New York Penal Law § 35.15 . . . court should have given an “initial aggressor” charge as part of its instruction pursuant to P.L. § 35.15 . . . "Penal Law § 35.15(1) provides that 'a person may ... use physical force upon another person when and . . . Penal Law §35.15(1) applies only to the use of non-deadly physical force. . . . The use of deadly physical force is governed by Penal Law § 35.15(2), which provides that ‘[a] person . . .

GIBBS, v. DONNELLY,, 673 F. Supp. 2d 121 (W.D.N.Y. 2009)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15; see generally, People v. . . . Specifically, New York Penal Law § 35.15(1) provides that “[a] person may, subject to the provisions . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a) reversible error. Id. (citing, inter alia, People v. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a).” Jackson v. Edwards, 404 F.3d at 623 (other internal citations omitted). . . . .

MILLS, v. A. GIRDICH,, 614 F. Supp. 2d 365 (W.D.N.Y. 2009)

. . . 707, 563 N.E.2d 21 (citing Goetz, 68 N.Y.2d at 112, 506 N.Y.S.2d 18, 497 N.E.2d 41), and Penal Law § 35.15 . . . Penal Law § 35.15 (McKinney 1975 & Supp.1987); Johnson v. . . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . . New York Penal Law § 35.15(2) provides in pertinent part with respect to the defense of justification . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . . .

SEOW, v. ARTUZ,, 320 F. App'x 46 (2d Cir. 2009)

. . . . § 35.15(1), (2). . . .

In GREENE, v., 397 B.R. 688 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2008)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). A punch is considered ordinary, physical force. People v. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . . Penal Law § 35.15 defines the justification defense in relevant part as follows: 1. . . .

UNITED STATES v. TAVERAS,, 570 F. Supp. 2d 481 (E.D.N.Y. 2008)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15. See also Jackson v. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(l)(b) N.Y. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1)0) (providing an exception permitting an initial aggressor to claim self defense . . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DESINOR,, 525 F.3d 193 (2d Cir. 2008)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1)(b) (providing that the justification of self-defense is not available to an initial . . . Penal Law § 35.15(l)(b) (providing an exception whereby an initial aggressor may claim self-defense “ . . .

RODRIGUEZ, v. SUPERINTENDENT, COLLINS CORRECTIONAL FACILITY,, 549 F. Supp. 2d 226 (N.D.N.Y. 2008)

. . . justification charge was appropriate based on “any reasonable view of the evidence” under N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15 . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(l)(a)-(e). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)(i). This claim is dismissed. E. . . .

HORTON, v. ERCOLE,, 557 F. Supp. 2d 308 (N.D.N.Y. 2008)

. . . PENAL LAW § 35.15(2)(a). . . .

GARCIA, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF NEW YORK,, 539 F. Supp. 2d 718 (S.D.N.Y. 2008)

. . . Under New York Penal Law (hereinafter “NYPL”) § 35.15(1), an individual is permitted to use force upon . . . NYPL § 35.15(2)(a). . . . justification as follows: To determine whether a defendant’s conduct was justified under Penal Law § 35.15 . . . Goetz, 68 N.Y.2d 96, 114-15, 506 N.Y.S.2d 18, 497 N.E.2d 41 (1986) ] that Penal Law § 35.15 requires . . .

ROBINSON, v. GREENE,, 507 F. Supp. 2d 279 (W.D.N.Y. 2007)

. . . New York’s self-defense statute is set forth in Penal Law § 35.15. . . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a); People v. Collice, 41 N.Y.2d at 907, 394 N.Y.S.2d 615, 363 N.E.2d 340). B. . . . Penal Law § 35.15 provides that a person is justified in using physical force in self-defense under the . . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . .

ROBERTS, v. MAHONING COUNTY, v., 495 F. Supp. 2d 719 (N.D. Ohio 2007)

. . . Such program shall be administered within the facilities of the jail. 35.15 The Provider shall provide . . .

JONES, v. DONNELLY,, 487 F. Supp. 2d 403 (S.D.N.Y. 2007)

. . . New York Penal Law §§ 35.15(1),(2)(a). . . .

NUNEZ, v. T. CONWAY,, 473 F. Supp. 2d 465 (S.D.N.Y. 2007)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2). . . .

In HOWARD E. TUSS,, 360 B.R. 684 (Bankr. D. Mont. 2007)

. . . Lines 44 and 46 increased additional food and clothing expense from $34.55 to $35.15. . . .

SACRAMENTO MUNICIPAL UTILITY DISTRICT, v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION,, 474 F.3d 797 (D.C. Cir. 2007)

. . . . § 35.15(a). . . . service provider retains the option of filing a motion to terminate its service - under 18 C.F.R. § 35.15 . . .

FOLGER, v. CONWAY,, 443 F. Supp. 2d 438 (W.D.N.Y. 2006)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . .

WILLIAMS, v. HERBERT,, 435 F. Supp. 2d 199 (W.D.N.Y. 2006)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a) (“[T]he actor may not use deadly physical force if he knows that he can with . . . force necessary to do so, and thereby place the defendant’s conduct outside the purview of Penal Law § 35.15 . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1), (2)(a). . . .

PRATT, v. UPSTATE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY,, 413 F. Supp. 2d 228 (W.D.N.Y. 2006)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . .

ABNER, v. MOBILE INFIRMARY HOSPITAL, M. D., 149 F. App'x 857 (11th Cir. 2005)

. . . . § 35.15, and Ala.Code § 22-8-1, without first granting them leave to amend pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. . . . AFFIRMED. . 42 C.F.R. § 35.15 requires that consent be obtained before performing a major operative procedure . . .

JACKSON, v. EDWARDS,, 404 F.3d 612 (2d Cir. 2005)

. . . Penal Law §§ 35.15(2)(b); 35.15(2)(c); 35.20(3)). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(b); N.Y. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . .

PULINARIO, v. GOORD,, 118 F. App'x 554 (2d Cir. 2004)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15[2][b]. The trial court precluded Dr. . . .

UNITED STATES v. JACKSON,, 351 F. Supp. 2d 108 (S.D.N.Y. 2004)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15 for one statutory formulation of these complex rules, which very likely differs in . . .

DE JESUS, v. MILLER,, 323 F. Supp. 2d 547 (S.D.N.Y. 2004)

. . . At the trial, DeJesus presented a defense, pursuant to New York Penal Law § 35.15(2), that his use of . . .

DIGUGLIELMO, v. T. SMITH,, 366 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2004)

. . . . § 35.15 (McKinney 1975 & Supp.1987); Johnson v. Rosemeyer, 117 F.3d 104, 111 (3d Cir.1997). . . .

STEVENS, v. METROPOLITAN TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY POLICE DEPARTMENT, a MTA MTA, 293 F. Supp. 2d 415 (S.D.N.Y. 2003)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)(ii) (McKinney 1998). . . .

PULINARIO, v. GOORD,, 291 F. Supp. 2d 154 (E.D.N.Y. 2003)

. . . Regarding the law of self-defense, New York Penal Law § 35.15(1) authorizes the use of physical force . . . Section 35.15(2)(b) authorizes the use of deadly physical force where “[h]e reasonably believes that . . . shooting Imagio because she reasonably feared that a second rape was imminent under New York Penal Law § 35.15 . . . Penal Law § 35.15). . . .

JACKSON A- v. EDWARDS,, 296 F. Supp. 2d 292 (E.D.N.Y. 2003)

. . . . § 35.15(1). . . . Penal L. § 35.15(2). . . . Penal L. § 35.15(2)(b); see also N.Y. Penal L. § 160.00 (“Robbery is forcible stealing.”). . . . Pursuant to Penal Law § 35.15, a person ‘may’ use physical force to defend himself or a third person, . . . Almodovar, supra), there are no circumstances when justification (Penal Law § 35.15) can be a defense . . .

DUREN A- v. BENNETT,, 275 F. Supp. 2d 374 (E.D.N.Y. 2003)

. . . Under section 35.15 of New York Penal Law, a person “may not use deadly physical force upon another person . . .

NEW YORK, v. TANELLA,, 239 F. Supp. 2d 291 (E.D.N.Y. 2003)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1) (McKinney 1998). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2). . . .

JOCKS, v. TAVERNIER A., 316 F.3d 128 (2d Cir. 2003)

. . . Penal Law §§ 35.05, 35.15 (McKinney 1997). . . . Penal Law § 35.15 states, A person may ... use physical force upon another person when and to the extent . . .

SPERINGO, v. MCLAUGHLIN,, 202 F. Supp. 2d 178 (S.D.N.Y. 2002)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15; People v. . . .

PUBLIC UTILITY DISTRICT NO. OF SNOHOMISH COUNTY, WASHINGTON, v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, PJM L. L. C., 272 F.3d 607 (D.C. Cir. 2001)

. . . . §§ 35.15, 35.26-35.29). . . .

DAVIS, v. STRACK, C., 270 F.3d 111 (2d Cir. 2001)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a) (McKinney 1998). . . . Penal Law § 35.15 sets out the defense of justification for the use of force: 1. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a), In view of how close Bubblegum was to him, Davis could not have fled without . . .

POWER COMPANY OF AMERICA, L. P. v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, PG E L. P., 245 F.3d 839 (D.C. Cir. 2001)

. . . . § 35.15(a). . . . time at the discretion of the parties,” and, as such, did not have to be on file under 18 C.F.R. § 35.15 . . . The Commission’s Interpretation of its Regulation The Commission interpreted 18 C.F.R. § 35.15(a) as . . . In its Order on Rehearing, the Commission conceded that it “applied Section 35.15 to short-term power . . . In PCA’s view, the overruling of Portland General wrote the “part thereof’ language out of § 35.15(a) . . .

TRANSMISSION ACCESS POLICY STUDY GROUP, v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION,, 225 F.3d 667 (D.C. Cir. 2000)

. . . . § 35.15 (1995) (repealed by Order 888). . . . See 18 C.F.R. § 35.15 (repealed by Order 888). . . . See 18 C.F.R. § 35.15 (1999). . . . a showing in the context of a utility’s proposed termination of a contract pursuant to the section 35.15 . . .

DAVIS, v. STRACK,, 211 F. Supp. 2d 377 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)

. . . New York Penal Law § 35.15 provides that a person is justified in using physical force under the following . . . New York Penal Law § 35.15 (emphasis added). . . . See Penal Law § 35.15. (See also Report at 413). . . . The Justification Defense Under New York Law New York Penal Law § 35.15 provides that a person is justified . . . 639 N.Y.S.2d 1001, 663 N.E.2d 313 (1996), the New York Court of Appeals explained that Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

MOSCOSO, v. THE CITY OF NEW YORK,, 92 F. Supp. 2d 310 (S.D.N.Y. 2000)

. . . Penal Law §§ 35.00, 35.15, requiring the defendant to show that he reasonably believed that his force . . . Penal Law § 35.15(1). . . .

EVANS, v. ARTUZ,, 68 F. Supp. 2d 188 (E.D.N.Y. 1999)

. . . necessary to defend himself against the use of offensive physical force by his assailant. 1 CJI(N.Y) 35.15 . . .

SUTTON, v. HERBERT,, 39 F. Supp. 2d 335 (S.D.N.Y. 1999)

. . . N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(1) (McKinney 1998). . . . Subdivision two of § 35.15 states, in part: A person may not use deadly physical force upon another person . . . (a) He reasonably believes that such other person is using or about to use deadly physical force. § 35.15 . . .

DAVIS, v. R. KELLY,, 2 F. Supp. 2d 362 (W.D.N.Y. 1998)

. . . the People failed to disprove his justification defense beyond a reasonable doubt (see, Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

SCHONFELD v. CITY OF CARLSBAD, 978 F. Supp. 1329 (S.D. Cal. 1997)

. . . . § 35.15 1(a), (b). . . .

BROWN, v. ARTUZ,, 124 F.3d 73 (2d Cir. 1997)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(1)-(2) (McKinney 1987); see generally People v. . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)(i) (McKinney 1987). . . .

McCOLLY, v. BRUNELLE,, 980 F. Supp. 691 (W.D.N.Y. 1997)

. . . . § 35.15(2)(a)(use of deadly physical force justified only where actor reasonably believes other person . . .

DeLUCA, v. A. LORD,, 77 F.3d 578 (2d Cir. 1996)

. . . See N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(l)(b) (aggressor may not claim self-defense); United States v. . . .

GARCIA, v. KUHLMANN,, 897 F. Supp. 728 (S.D.N.Y. 1995)

. . . See N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). . . .

GODFREY, v. IRVIN,, 871 F. Supp. 577 (W.D.N.Y. 1994)

. . . The provisions relevant to this case are as follows: § 35.15 Justification; use of physical force in . . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . . According to the lower courts, because § 35.15 uses the term “he reasonably believes,” the appropriate . . . reasonably” in a statute, and misconstrues the clear intent of the Legislature, in enacting section 35.15 . . .

LEBRON, v. F. MANN,, 40 F.3d 561 (2d Cir. 1994)

. . . Under N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a) a person is justified in using deadly force against another person . . . This alternative theory relies on N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(2)(b), under which a person may use deadly physical . . . N.Y.Penal Law, § 35.15(2)(b). . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS, A. A., 34 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 1994)

. . . Penal Law, § 35.15(l)(b) McKinney (1988). . . .

LEBRON, v. F. MANN,, 844 F. Supp. 140 (E.D.N.Y. 1994)

. . . N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15. . . . N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a). Retreat in “his dwelling” is not required. . . . N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(2)(b). . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. WOODS., 986 F.2d 669 (3d Cir. 1993)

. . . Rhodes, 5 Orfield's Criminal Procedure Under the Federal Rules § 35.15, at 433-34 (2d ed. 1987). . . .

TATE, v. W. WOOD,, 963 F.2d 20 (2d Cir. 1992)

. . . to which he was pleading guilty, as justification is a complete defense to homicide, N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

WESCH, v. HUNT,, 785 F. Supp. 1491 (S.D. Ala. 1992)

. . . 2,828 2,422 100.00% 85.64% 385 5 13.61% 0.18% 16 0 0.57% 0.00% GLEN OAKS SCHOOL 5,129 1,803 100.00% 35.15% . . .

MERZON, v. COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, 767 F. Supp. 432 (E.D.N.Y. 1991)

. . . The plaintiff contends that the defendant Emanuele violated the provisions of New York’s Penal Law § 35.15 . . . The pertinent provisions of New York Penal Law are as follows: “§ 35.15 Justification; use of physical . . . Under such circumstances, the officer is under no duty to retreat (see id. at § 35.15[2][a][ii]). . . . enunciated a hybrid subjective/objective analysis with regard to a private person under Penal Law § 35.15 . . . was justified in causing the death of the decedent, under the provisions of the New York Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

MAIORINO, v. J. SCULLY,, 746 F. Supp. 331 (S.D.N.Y. 1990)

. . . Maiorino contends that Justice Torres’ refusal to instruct the jury pursuant to New York Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

RINALDI, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, 756 F. Supp. 111 (S.D.N.Y. 1990)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15. . . .

BLAZIC, v. J. HENDERSON, M., 900 F.2d 534 (2d Cir. 1990)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a) (McKinney 1987). . . . Magliato, 68 N.Y.2d 24, 30, 496 N.E.2d 856, 860, 505 N.Y.S.2d 836, 840 (1986) (Huntley held that § 35.15 . . . Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a) (McKinney 1987). . . . Penal Law § 35.15(l)(b) (McKinney 1987). . . . .

GANDER, v. FMC CORPORATION,, 892 F.2d 1373 (8th Cir. 1990)

. . . MAI 35.15 illustration (3d ed. . . . Instruction number 13, see also MAI 35.15 illustration (3d ed. Supp.1989) (emphasis added). . . . MAI 37.03 as written in the MAI 35.15 illustration clearly and correctly instructs the jury on the same . . .

COLON, v. J. SMITH,, 723 F. Supp. 1003 (S.D.N.Y. 1989)

. . . Second, counsel failed to request an instruction on justification under New York Penal Law § 35.15(2) . . . reasonably believes “is committing or attempting to commit a ... robbery” under New York Penal Law § 35.15 . . . counsel requested and received a justification defense instruction pursuant to New York Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

In CHURCHFIELD MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT CORPORATION,, 98 B.R. 838 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1989)

. . . As stated above, 35.15 hours ($3,078.00) would be disallowed under the common fund theory. . . .

ESTATE OF JACKSON, v. CITY OF ROCHESTER, E. I., 705 F. Supp. 779 (W.D.N.Y. 1989)

. . . New York Penal Law § 35.15 provides that a police officer may use deadly force upon another person if . . . N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(2)(a)(ii) (Consol.1984). . . .

MORGAN, v. J. WARD J. R. S. G. J. O A. G. R. L. C. M. B. D. B. F. L. S. P., 699 F. Supp. 1025 (N.D.N.Y. 1988)

. . . See N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15(1) (McKinney 1987) (use of physical force in defense of self or third person . . .

WASHINGTON, v. J. SCULLY,, 640 F. Supp. 1226 (S.D.N.Y. 1986)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15 (McKinney 1975 & Supp.1986). . . .

GRIFFIN, v. N. MARTIN, III, S. C., 785 F.2d 1172 (4th Cir. 1986)

. . . . §§ 35.00, 35.15 and Practice Commentaries by Arnold D. Hechtman to § 35.-00. . . .

HARRIS, v. SCULLY,, 779 F.2d 875 (2d Cir. 1985)

. . . Miller, 39 N.Y.2d 543, 548, 384 N.Y.S.2d 741, 745, 349 N.E.2d 841, 845 (1976); see also N.Y.Penal Law § 35.15 . . .

WHITTENBERG, Mr. P. NAACP, Dr. T. H. v. SCHOOL DISTRICT OF GREENVILLE COUNTY, SOUTH CAROLINA,, 607 F. Supp. 289 (D.S.C. 1985)

. . . 14.71 33.60 38.12 29.54 34.82 25.64 15.65 18.87 34.55 22.50 20.70 30.12 21.58 17.50 36.31 40.31 26.75 35.15 . . .

KENTUCKY UTILITIES COMPANY, v. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION,, 689 F.2d 207 (D.C. Cir. 1982)

. . . . § 35.15(c)(1) (emphasis supplied). . . .

RAMIREZ, v. E. W. JONES,, 530 F. Supp. 345 (S.D.N.Y. 1981)

. . . New York Penal Law §§ 35.10(6) and 35.15(2) further provide that a person may be justified in using physical . . .

WASHINGTON, v. HARRIS,, 650 F.2d 447 (2d Cir. 1981)

. . . Penal Law § 35.15, and argued that since Washington was acting in defense of his wife and himself, his . . . Penal Law § 35.15, which imposes, upon the intended victim of a murder the duty to retreat, is unconstitutional . . .

WASHINGTON, v. HARRIS,, 502 F. Supp. 1267 (S.D.N.Y. 1980)

. . . a reasonable doubt; (3) petitioner was not denied effective assistance of counsel, and (4) section 35.15 . . .