The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XI
COUNTY ORGANIZATION AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS

Chapter 127
RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN TO COUNTIES

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CHAPTER 127

RIGHT OF EMINENT DOMAIN TO COUNTIES

127.01 Counties delegated power of eminent domain; recreational purposes, issue of necessity of taking; compliance with limitations.

127.02 County commissioners may authorize acquirement of property by eminent domain.

127.01 Counties delegated power of eminent domain; recreational purposes, issue of necessity of taking; compliance with limitations.—

(1)(a) Each county of the state is delegated authority to exercise the right and power of eminent domain; that is, the right to appropriate property, except state or federal, for any county purpose. The absolute fee simple title to all property so taken and acquired shall vest in such county unless the county seeks to condemn a particular right or estate in such property.

(b) Each county is further authorized to exercise the eminent domain power granted to the Department of Transportation by s. 337.27(1), the transportation corridor protection provisions of s. 337.273, and the right of entry onto property pursuant to s. 337.274.

(2) However, no county has the right to condemn any lands outside its own county boundaries for parks, playgrounds, recreational centers, or other recreational purposes. In eminent domain proceedings, a county’s burden of showing reasonable necessity for parks, playgrounds, recreational centers, or other types of recreational purposes shall be the same as the burden in other types of eminent domain proceedings.

(3) A county shall strictly comply with the limitations set forth in ss. 73.013 and 73.014.

History.—s. 1, ch. 7338, 1917; RGS 1503; CGL 2281; s. 1, ch. 22802, 1945; s. 18, ch. 63-559; s. 5, ch. 73-299; s. 1, ch. 84-319; s. 17, ch. 85-80; s. 4, ch. 88-168; s. 1, ch. 91-141; s. 62, ch. 99-385; s. 4, ch. 2006-11.

127.02 County commissioners may authorize acquirement of property by eminent domain.—The board of county commissioners may not exercise its power of eminent domain unless the board adopts a resolution authorizing the acquisition of a property, real or personal, by eminent domain for any county use or purpose designated in such resolution, subject to the limitations set forth in ss. 73.013 and 73.014.

History.—s. 2, ch. 7338, 1917; RGS 1504; CGL 2282; s. 5, ch. 2006-11.

F.S. 127 on Google Scholar

F.S. 127 on Casetext

Amendments to 127

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 127

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S110.127 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - STATE EMPLOYMENT VIOLATIONS - M: S

S489.127 1a - FRAUD-IMPERSON - CONTRACTOR DURING STATE OF EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1a - FRAUD-IMPERSON - FALSELY IDENTIFY SELF AS CONTRACTOR PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 1a - FRAUD-IMPERSON - FALSELY IDENTIFY SELF AS CONTRACTOR - M: F

S489.127 1a - FRAUD-IMPERSON - SELF AS CONTRACTOR POLLUTANT STORAGE SYS - F: T

S489.127 1b - FRAUD-IMPERSON - CONTRACTING LICENSE PRIOR CONVICTION - F: T

S489.127 1b - FRAUD-IMPERSON - LICENSED CONTRACTOR STATE OF EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1b - FRAUD-IMPERSON - CONTRACTING LICENSE 1ST VIOLATION - M: F

S489.127 1b - FRAUD-IMPERSON - LIC CONTRACTOR POLLUTANT STORAGE SYS - F: T

S489.127 1c - FRAUD-IMPERSON - CONTRACTOR PRESENT OTHERS LIC STATE EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1c - FRAUD-IMPERSON - PRESENT CONTRACTOR LIC OF ANOTHER PRIOR CONVIC - F: T

S489.127 1c - FRAUD-IMPERSON - PRESENT CONTRACTOR LICENSE OF ANOTHER 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1c - FRAUD-IMPERSON - PRESENT CONTRACT LIC OF ANOTHR POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1d - PASS FORGED - EVID CONTRACTOR BOARD OR MEMBER ST EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1d - PASS FORGED - EVID CONTRACTOR LIC BOARD OR MEMBER PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 1d - PASS FORGED - VIOL EVID CONTRCT LIC BOARD OR MEMB 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1d - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - EVID CONTRACTOR BOARD OR MEMBER ST EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1d - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - EVID CONTRACTOR LIC BOARD OR MEMBER PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 1d - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - EVID CONTRACTOR LIC BOARD OR MEMBER 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1d - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - EVID CONTRACTOR BOARD MEMBER POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1d - PASS FORGED - EVID CONTRACTOR BOARD MEMBER POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1e - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - USE SUSP RVKD CONTRACTOR LIC REGIST PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 1e - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - USE SUSP RVKD CONTRCTR LIC REGIST ST EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1e - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - USE SUSP RVKD CONTRACTOR LIC REGIST 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1e - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - USE SUSP RVKD CONTRACT LIC POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1f - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - ENGAGE CONTRACTING BUSN WO CERTIF PRIOR CONVIC - F: T

S489.127 1f - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - ST EMERGENCY ENGAGE CONTRACTING BUSN WO CERTIF - F: T

S489.127 1f - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - ENGAGE CONTRACTING BUSN WO CERTIF 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1f - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - ENGAGE CONTRACT BUSN WO CERTIF POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1g - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPER CONTRACT BUSN WO QUAL AGENT 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1g - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPER CONTRACT BUSN WO QUAL AGENT PRIOR CONVIC - F: T

S489.127 1g - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPER CONTRACT BUSN WO QUAL AGENT ST EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1g - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPER CONTR BUSN WO QUAL AGENT POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1h - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - PERFORM WORK WO BLDG PERMIT 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1h - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - PERFORM WORK WO BLDG PERMIT PRIOR CONVICTION - F: T

S489.127 1h - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - PERFORM WORK WO BLDG PERMIT ST OF EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1h - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - PERFORM WORK WO BLDG PERMIT POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 1i - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOL CITY COUNTY CONTRACT ORDINANCE 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 1i - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOL CITY COUNTY CONTRACT ORDINANCE PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 1i - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOL CITY COUNTY CONTRACT ORD ST EMERGENCY - F: T

S489.127 1i - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOL CITY COUNTY CONTRACT ORD POLLUT STOR SYS - F: T

S489.127 2d - HEALTH-SAFETY - OPERATE POLLUTANT STORAGE SYSTEM WO CERTIF - F: T

S489.127 4a - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONTRCTR CONTRACT W NON CERTIF BUSN PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 4a - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONTRCTR CONTRACT W NON CERTIF BUSN 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 4b - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONTRCTR ALLOW UNREG BUSN USE NUMB PRIOR CONV - F: T

S489.127 4b - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONTRCTR ALLOW UNREG BUSN USE NUMB 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 4c - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONTRCTR APPLY PERMIT WO CONTRACT PRIOR CONVIC - F: T

S489.127 4c - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - CONTRCTR APPLY FOR PERMIT WO CONTRACT 1ST VIOL - M: F

S489.127 5m - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REFUSAL TO ACCEPT CODE ENFORCEMENT CITATION - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

LITTLE, v. RECLAIM IDAHO,, 140 S. Ct. 2616 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Senate Select Comm. on Ethics , 510 U.S. 1319, 1320, 114 S.Ct. 1036, 127 L.Ed.2d 530 (1994) (Rehnquist . . . Senate Select Comm. on Ethics , 510 U.S. 1319, 1320, 114 S.Ct. 1036, 127 L.Ed.2d 530 (1994) (Rehnquist . . .

P. BARR, v. PURKEY, 140 S. Ct. 2594 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Senate Select Comm. on Ethics , 510 U.S. 1319, 1320, 114 S.Ct. 1036, 127 L.Ed.2d 530 (1994) (Rehnquist . . . Quarterman , 551 U.S. 930, 949, 127 S.Ct. 2842, 168 L.Ed.2d 662 (2007) (quoting Ford , 477 U.S. at 426 . . .

RAYSOR, v. DESANTIS,, 140 S. Ct. 2600 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gonzalez , 549 U.S. 1, 4, 127 S.Ct. 5, 166 L.Ed.2d 1 (2006) (per curiam ). . . . Purcell , 549 U.S. at 5, 127 S.Ct. 5. . . . extensive "factual findings to which the Court of Appeals owed deference," Purcell , 549 U.S. at 5, 127 . . . Purcell , 549 U.S. at 5, 127 S.Ct. 5. . . .

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 360 U.S. 109, 127, 79 S.Ct. 1081, 3 L.Ed.2d 1115 (1959), and Eastland , 421 U.S. at 506 . . . markedly from congressional subpoenas we have previously reviewed, e.g. , Barenblatt , 360 U.S. at 127 . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Utah , 510 U.S. 399, 412, 114 S.Ct. 958, 127 L.Ed.2d 252 (1994) (emphasis deleted). . . . Utah , 510 U.S. 399, 410-411, 114 S.Ct. 958, 127 L.Ed.2d 252 (1994). . . .

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Lee , 455 U.S. 252, 256-261, 102 S.Ct. 1051, 71 L.Ed.2d 127 (1982), deny nonprofit status to entities . . . Harris , 550 U.S. 372, 378, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007) (internal quotation marks omitted) . . . App. 91-100, 127-164; App. to Pet. for Cert. in No. 19-267, at 32a-42a. . . . App. 110-111; Scott , 550 U.S. at 378, 127 S.Ct. 1769. . . . See supra , at 2072 - 2073; App. to Pet. for Cert. in No. 19-267, at 32a-42a; App. 91-100, 127-164, 244 . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Defenders of Wildlife , 551 U.S. 644, 659-660, 127 S.Ct. 2518, 168 L.Ed.2d 467 (2007) (internal quotation . . . Coke , 551 U.S. 158, 174, 127 S.Ct. 2339, 168 L.Ed.2d 54 (2007), and respondents certainly had such notice . . . Lee , 455 U.S. 252, 102 S.Ct. 1051, 71 L.Ed.2d 127, 258-260 (1982). . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 127-128, 135. Id. , at 110 (emphasis deleted). . . . Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. , 551 U.S. 587, 618, 127 S.Ct. 2553, 168 L.Ed.2d 424 (2007) (Scalia . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Carhart , 550 U.S. 124, 165, 127 S.Ct. 1610, 167 L.Ed.2d 480 (2007) ). . . . B. , 511 U.S. 127, 129, 114 S.Ct. 1419, 128 L.Ed.2d 89 (1994). . . . S., at ----, 136 S.Ct., at 2314 ; Gonzales , 550 U.S. at 133, 127 S.Ct. 1610 ; Ayotte v. . . . under a deferential standard.' " Id., at ----, 136 S.Ct., at 2310 (quoting Gonzales , 550 U.S. at 165, 127 . . . S., at ----, 136 S.Ct., at 2310 (quoting Gonzales , 550 U.S. at 165, 127 S.Ct. 1610 ; emphasis deleted . . . (slip op., at 8) ; Gonzales , 550 U.S. at 156, 127 S.Ct. 1610 ; Stenberg , 530 U.S. at 921, 120 S.Ct. . . . Carhart , 550 U.S. 124, 163, 127 S.Ct. 1610, 167 L.Ed.2d 480 (2007). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . McMahon , 127 U.S. 457, 463, 8 S.Ct. 1240, 32 L.Ed. 234 (1888). . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jenkins , 515 U.S. 70, 127, 115 S.Ct. 2038, 132 L.Ed.2d 63 (1995) (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . .3d 209, 223-224, 234-235 (DDC 2018) ; 279 F.Supp.3d 1011, 1029-1033 (ND Cal. 2018) ; 295 F.Supp.3d 127 . . . EPA , 549 U.S. 497, 536, 127 S.Ct. 1438, 167 L.Ed.2d 248 (2007) (ROBERTS, C.J., dissenting). . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . B. , 511 U.S. 127, 136-137, 114 S.Ct. 1419, 128 L.Ed.2d 89 (1994) ; Craig v. . . . Res. 208, 97th Cong., 1st Sess. (1981); 127 Cong. Rec. 22764-22779 (1981). . . . Boutilier , 387 U.S. at 127, 87 S.Ct. 1563 (Douglas, J., dissenting); see also id. , at 125, 87 S.Ct. . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Pol'y 127, 135, n. 46 (2016) ; see also Young v. . . .

J. LOMAX, v. ORTIZ- MARQUEZ,, 140 S. Ct. 1721 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 203, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . . Jones , 549 U.S. at 203, 127 S.Ct. 910. . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . PACE Int'l Union , 551 U.S. 96, 98, 127 S.Ct. 2310, 168 L.Ed.2d 1 (2007) ; Hughes Aircraft Co. v. . . . See Beck , 551 U.S. at 98-99, 127 S.Ct. 2310. . . . See Gollust , 501 U.S. at 125-127, 111 S.Ct. 2173 (allowing indirect owners of a corporation to sue under . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Islands Bar Association as Amicus Curiae 13-18 (same); Cabranes, Citizenship and the American Empire, 127 . . .

BANISTER, v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1698 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Quarterman , 551 U.S. 930, 943, 127 S.Ct. 2842, 168 L.Ed.2d 662 (2007). . . . Id. , at 947, 127 S.Ct. 2842. If so, it is successive; if not, likely not. . . . Id., at 945-946, 127 S.Ct. 2842 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Quarterman , 551 U.S. 930, 945, 127 S.Ct. 2842, 168 L.Ed.2d 662 (2007). . . . Stewart , 549 U.S. 147, 153, 127 S.Ct. 793, 166 L.Ed.2d 628 (2007) (per curiam ). . . .

OPATI, v. REPUBLIC OF SUDAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1601 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Fantasy, Inc. , 510 U.S. 517, 533, 114 S.Ct. 1023, 127 L.Ed.2d 455 (1994) ; emphasis added). . . .

WEXFORD HEALTH, v. GARRETT, 140 S. Ct. 1611 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007), characterized this language as "boilerplate . . . ," id. , at 220, 127 S.Ct. 910, the court determined that the statute's text did not clearly displace . . . the usual procedural practice beyond the departures specified by the PLRA itself ." 549 U.S. at 214, 127 . . . Id. , at 220, 127 S.Ct. 910. . . .

LUCKY BRAND DUNGAREES, INC. v. MARCEL FASHIONS GROUP, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1589 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Felsen , 442 U.S. 127, 131, 99 S.Ct. 2205, 60 L.Ed.2d 767 (1979) ; see also Wright & Miller § 4407. . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Campbell, Natural Rights and the First Amendment, 127 Yale L. J. 246, 259 (2017). . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 1 , 551 U.S. 701, 720, 748, 127 S.Ct. 2738, 168 L.Ed.2d 508 (2007) (holding case live due in part . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Atlantic Research Corp. , 551 U.S. 128, 127 S.Ct. 2331, 168 L.Ed.2d 28 (2007), where the Court spoke . . . Id ., at 131-132, 127 S.Ct. 2331. That may be so but it does not make it so. . . . Atlantic Research Corp. , 551 U.S. 128, 136, 127 S.Ct. 2331, 168 L.Ed.2d 28 (2007). . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bockting , 549 U.S. 406, 416, 127 S.Ct. 1173, 167 L.Ed.2d 1 (2007) (internal quotation marks omitted) . . . Whorton , 549 U.S. at 417, 127 S.Ct. 1173 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Id. , at 418, 421, 127 S.Ct. 1173 (rejecting retroactivity for Crawford v. . . . Bockting , 549 U.S. 406, 416, 127 S.Ct. 1173, 167 L.Ed.2d 1 (2007). . . . PSKS, Inc. , 551 U.S. 877, 899-907, 127 S.Ct. 2705, 168 L.Ed.2d 623 (2007) ; Kisor v. . . . PSKS, Inc. , 551 U.S. 877, 925-926, 127 S.Ct. 2705, 168 L.Ed.2d 623 (2007) (BREYER, J., dissenting). . . . Bockting , 549 U.S. 406, 417-418, 127 S.Ct. 1173, 167 L.Ed.2d 1 (2007). See Stringer v. . . .

BABB, v. WILKIE,, 140 S. Ct. 1168 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Burr , 551 U.S. 47, 63, 127 S.Ct. 2201, 167 L.Ed.2d 1045 (2007) ; cf. Comcast Corp. v. . . . Burr , 551 U.S. at 63, 127 S.Ct. 2201, we interpreted a provision of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA . . . the report was considered in the rate-setting process," but it rejected this reading. 551 U.S. at 63, 127 . . . See 551 U.S. at 63-64, 127 S.Ct. 2201. That reasoning obviously has no application here. 2. . . .

HALPRIN v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1200 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Quarterman , 551 U.S. 930, 127 S.Ct. 2842, 168 L.Ed.2d 662 (2007), and Magwood v. . . .

REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, v. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE,, 140 S. Ct. 1205 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gonzalez , 549 U.S. 1, 127 S.Ct. 5, 166 L.Ed.2d 1 (2006) (per curiam ); Frank v. . . . Gonzalez , 549 U.S. 1, 4-5, 127 S.Ct. 5, 166 L.Ed.2d 1 (2006) (per curiam ). . . .

DAVIS v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 1060 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Griffiths , 504 Fed.Appx. 122, 126-127 (CA3 2012) ; United States v. . . .

HOLGUIN- HERNANDEZ, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 762 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 551 U.S. 338, 351, 127 S.Ct. 2456, 168 L.Ed.2d 203 (2007) ; Booker , 543 U.S. at 261, . . .

INTEL CORPORATION INVESTMENT POLICY COMMITTEE, v. M. SULYMA, 140 S. Ct. 768 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Harris , 550 U.S. 372, 380, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007) (quoting Fed. Rule Civ. . . . that version of the facts for purposes of ruling on a motion for summary judgment." 550 U.S. at 380, 127 . . .

E. RODRIGUEZ, v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,, 140 S. Ct. 713 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Co. , 549 U.S. 443, 455-456, 127 S.Ct. 1199, 167 L.Ed.2d 178 (2007) ; Gonzales v. . . . Duenas-Alvarez , 549 U.S. 183, 194, 127 S.Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007). . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Robbins , 551 U.S. 537, 127 S.Ct. 2588, 168 L.Ed.2d 389 (2007) ; Correctional Services Corp. v. . . . Meyer , 510 U.S. 471, 114 S.Ct. 996, 127 L.Ed.2d 308 (1994) ; Schweiker v. . . . Robbins , 551 U.S. 537, 568, 127 S.Ct. 2588, 168 L.Ed.2d 389 (2007) (THOMAS, J., concurring) (quoting . . . Robbins , 551 U.S. 537, 127 S.Ct. 2588, 168 L.Ed.2d 389 (2007) ; Correctional Services Corp. v. . . . Meyer , 510 U.S. 471, 114 S.Ct. 996, 127 L.Ed.2d 308 (1994) ; Schweiker v. . . .

WOLF, v. COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS,, 140 S. Ct. 681 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Senate Select Comm. on Ethics , 510 U.S. 1319, 1320, 114 S.Ct. 1036, 127 L.Ed.2d 530 (1994) (Rehnquist . . .

R. ISOM v. ARKANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 342 (U.S. 2019)

. . . United States , 510 U.S. 540, 555, 114 S.Ct. 1147, 127 L.Ed.2d 474 (1994). . . .

CALGARO, v. ST. LOUIS COUNTY, MINNESOTA,, 140 S. Ct. 219 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-127 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

P. BARR, v. EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT,, 140 S. Ct. 3 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Senate Select Comm. on Ethics , 510 U.S. 1319, 1320, 114 S.Ct. 1036, 127 L.Ed.2d 530 (1994) (Rehnquist . . .

IN RE ROTH, v. LLC,, 935 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 547, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). . . .

G. STEPHENS v. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, a, 935 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Martens , 142 Idaho 284, 127 P.3d 187, 190 (2005). . . .

TIMS, v. LGE COMMUNITY CREDIT UNION,, 935 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . State, 127 P.3d 1135, 1139 (Okla. Crim. App. 2006). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FITZGERALD,, 935 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 127 Nev. 234, 251 P.3d 177, 179 (2011). . . . Duenas-Alvarez , 549 U.S. 183, 193, 127 S.Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007). . . . Duenas-Alvarez , 549 U.S. at 193, 127 S.Ct. 815. . . . State , 127 Nev. 234, 251 P.3d 177, 180 (2011) (holding that the act of spitting on another is a battery . . . Duenas-Alvarez , 549 U.S. 183, 193, 127 S.Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007) ). . . .

IN RE CORPORATE RESOURCE SERVICES, INC. S. v., 603 B.R. 888 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Medtronic, Inc ., 451 F.3d 104, 127 (2d Cir. 2006), aff'd on other grounds , 552 U.S. 312, 128 S.Ct. . . .

R. PESCI, v. BUDZ, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 1159 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . D.E. 127-1 at 3. . . . Given that the FCCC houses approximately 660 residents, see D.E. 127-1 at 2, the limited scope and number . . . See D.E. 127-4 at 15. . . .

BOWLES, v. SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,, 935 F.3d 1176 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930, 127 S.Ct. 2842, 168 L.Ed.2d 662 (2007). . . . Id. at 947, 127 S.Ct. 2842. . . . Panetti, 551 U.S. at 943, 127 S.Ct. 2842. . . . See Burton, 549 U.S. at 157, 127 S.Ct. 793. B. . . . Stewart, 549 U.S. 147, 157, 127 S. . . .

ARTHREX, INC. v. SMITH NEPHEW, INC., 935 F.3d 1319 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Teleflex Inc. , 550 U.S. 398, 418, 127 S.Ct. 1727, 167 L.Ed.2d 705 (2007). . . .

UNITED STATES v. R. GREEN,, 935 F.3d 677 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 551 U.S. 338, 347-38, 127 S.Ct. 2456, 168 L.Ed.2d 203 (2007). . . .

COMPERE, v. NUSRET MIAMI, LLC, d b a a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1197 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) ). . . . Twombly , 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955. . . .

J. GENZER, v. JAMES RIVER INSURANCE COMPANY,, 934 F.3d 1156 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 131 P.3d 127, 134 (Okla. 2005). . . .

DIVERSE POWER, INC. v. CITY OF LAGRANGE, GEORGIA,, 934 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1965, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) (citation omitted). III. . . .

RAWA, A. W. Jr. v. MONSANTO COMPANY, v., 934 F.3d 862 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Int'l House of Pancakes , 513 F.2d 114, 127 n.13 (8th Cir. 1975). . . .

SCRIMO, v. LEE,, 935 F.3d 103 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . DiPippo , 27 N.Y.3d 127, 129, 50 N.E.3d 888 (2016). . . . party, who had also been accused of committing the same crime in a strikingly similar manner. 27 N.Y.3d 127 . . .

STONE, v. TROY CONSTRUCTION, LLC, 935 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Burr , 551 U.S. 47, 57, 127 S.Ct. 2201, 167 L.Ed.2d 1045 (2007), we noted that, "where 'willfulness' . . . Id. at 127. That perhaps confusing detour was based on our review of cases from two other circuits. . . . McLaughlin , 486 U.S. at 132-33, 108 S.Ct. 1677, to characterize the willfulness standard. 551 U.S. at 57, 127 . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 310 (citing Scott, 550 U.S. at 384, 127 S. Ct. at 1778 ; Plumhoff , 572 U.S. at 777, 134 S. . . . Knoulton, 542 F.3d 124, 127 (5th Cir. 2008), police shot a suspect they believed to be suicidal as he . . . Harris , 550 U.S. 372, 381-82, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007) (same); Allen v. . . . Smith , 550 U.S. 915, 127 S.Ct. 2126, 167 L.Ed.2d 861 (2007) (GVR'ing i/l/o Carey v. . . . Musladin , 549 U.S. 70, 127 S.Ct. 649, 166 L.Ed.2d 482 (2006) ); Smith v. . . . Harris , 550 U.S. 372, 380, 127 S. Ct. 1769, 1776, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007). . . .

OSBORNE, v. METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT OF NASHVILLE AND DAVIDSON COUNTY,, 935 F.3d 521 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). III. . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Genentech, Inc. , 549 U.S. 118, 129, 127 S.Ct. 764, 166 L.Ed.2d 604 (2007). . . . Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd. , 551 U.S. 308, 322, 127 S.Ct. 2499, 168 L.Ed.2d 179 (2007) ). . . .

PARKER, v. LANDRY,, 935 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). . . . See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955 ; A.G. ex rel. Maddox v. . . . Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955. . . . See 550 U.S. at 548-49, 127 S.Ct. 1955. . . . Id. at 555-56, 127 S.Ct. 1955. . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 510 U.S. 540, 558, 114 S.Ct. 1147, 127 L.Ed.2d 474 (1994) (Kennedy, J., concurring in . . .

UNITED STATES v. BEGAY,, 934 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Arizona , 481 U.S. 137, 157-58, 107 S.Ct. 1676, 95 L.Ed.2d 127 (1987). . . . Ct. 127, 202 L.Ed.2d 78 (2018) (Wash. Rev. Code § 9A.32.030(1) ). United States v. . . .

REGAN v. CITY OF HAMMOND, INDIANA,, 934 F.3d 700 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Auth. , 550 U.S. 330, 338-39, 127 S. Ct. 1786, 1793, 167 L.Ed.2d 655 (2007) ; Or. . . .

MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF MICHIGAN, v. PIER IMPORTS, INCORPORATED W. H., 935 F.3d 424 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd. , 551 U.S. 308, 319, 127 S.Ct. 2499, 168 L.Ed.2d 179 (2007) (quoting Ernst . . . See Tellabs , 551 U.S. at 319, 127 S.Ct. 2499 ; Nathenson , 267 F.3d at 409. . . .

S. BLEDSOE, v. VANDERBILT,, 934 F.3d 1112 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fletcher, 522 U.S. 118, 127, 118 S.Ct. 502, 139 L.Ed.2d 471 (1997) (emphasis added) (quoting Malley v . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 1195, 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d 237. . . . Id. at 1197, 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d 237. . . . Id. at 1203, 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d 237. . . . Id. at 1206, 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d 237. . . . Id. at 1200, 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d 237. . . . Id. , 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d at 245. . . . Id. , 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d at 245. . . . Id. , 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d at 246. . . . Id. , 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d at 247. . . . Id. , 127 Cal.Rptr.3d 185, 254 P.3d at 243. . . .

AMAZON. COM, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,, 934 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Coke , 551 U.S. 158, 170, 127 S.Ct. 2339, 168 L.Ed.2d 54 (2007) ). . . .

IN RE SWEARINGEN,, 935 F.3d 415 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 300 (5th Cir. 2006) (per curiam) (first federal habeas), cert. denied , 549 U.S. 1216, 127 S. . . .

BOXILL, v. P. O GRADY E. E. T., 935 F.3d 510 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 562-63, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) (noting "Conley 's 'no set of . . .

NEW YORK STATE CITIZENS COALITION FOR CHILDREN, v. J. POOLE,, 935 F.3d 56 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Wing , 404 F.3d 105, 127 (2d Cir. 2005) (recognizing that "the Court has appeared to be increasingly . . .

A. CARVELLI, v. OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, M. R. Jr., 934 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd. , 551 U.S. 308, 318-19, 127 S.Ct. 2499, 168 L.Ed.2d 179 (2007). . . . Tellabs , 551 U.S. at 324, 127 S.Ct. 2499. . . . Tellabs , 551 U.S. at 313, 127 S.Ct. 2499. . . . Id . at 322, 127 S.Ct. 2499. . . .

NALPROPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. v. ACTAVIS LABORATORIES FL, INC., 934 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Teleflex Inc. , 550 U.S. 398, 416, 127 S.Ct. 1727, 167 L.Ed.2d 705 (2007) ("The combination of familiar . . .

MENAKER, v. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,, 935 F.3d 20 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 572, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) (citation omitted). . . . Id. at 127-29. Id. at 104 (Am. Compl. ¶ 30). Id . at 107 (Am. Compl. ¶ 42). Id. (Am. . . .

UNITED STATES v. GLENN,, 935 F.3d 313 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Alvarez , 127 F.3d 372, 373 (5th Cir. 1997). . . .

ST. CHARLES SURGICAL HOSPITAL, L. L. C. v. LOUISIANA HEALTH SERVICE INDEMNITY COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 352 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Philip Morris Cos., Inc. , 551 U.S. 142, 151, 127 S.Ct. 2301, 168 L.Ed.2d 42 (2007) (quoting 18 OXFORD . . . Crane Co. , 846 F.3d 785, 793 (5th Cir. 2017) (citing Watson , 551 U.S. at 151, 127 S.Ct. 2301 ). . . . Watson , 551 U.S. at 153, 127 S.Ct. 2301 (citing Davis v. . . .

WAL- MART STORES, INCORPORATED L. L. C. s v. TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION, 935 F.3d 362 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 127, 98 S.Ct. 2207. . . .

UNITED STATES v. GILES,, 935 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 551 U.S. 338, 356, 127 S.Ct. 2456, 168 L.Ed.2d 203 (2007). . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Landrigan , 550 U.S. 465, 473, 127 S.Ct. 1933, 167 L.Ed.2d 836 (2007) (citing Williams , 529 U.S. at . . . Johnson & Wimsatt , 127 F.2d 729, 737 (D.C. Cir. 1942). . . .

ROMO, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Research Corp. , 551 U.S. 128, 137, 127 S. Ct. 2331, 2337, 168 L. Ed. 2d 28 (2007). . . . Reliant Energy Servs., Inc. , 551 U.S. 224, 232, 127 S. Ct. 2411, 2417, 168 L. Ed. 2d 112 (2007). . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Genentech, Inc. , 549 U.S. 118, 127, 127 S.Ct. 764, 166 L.Ed.2d 604 (2007) (alteration in original) ( . . . MedImmune , 549 U.S. at 127, 127 S.Ct. 764 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Teleflex Inc. , 550 U.S. 398, 419, 127 S.Ct. 1727, 167 L.Ed.2d 705 (2007) ; see In re Dillon , 919 F.2d . . . See KSR , 550 U.S. at 415, 127 S.Ct. 1727. . . .

MAMMANA, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, 934 F.3d 368 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) ). Id. . . . (citing Twombly , 550 U.S. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955 ). Id. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937. U.S. Const. amend. . . .

JEFFERIES, v. UNC REGIONAL PHYSICIANS PEDIATRICS, 392 F. Supp. 3d 620 (M.D.N.C. 2019)

. . . App'x 127 (4th Cir. 2006). . . .

UNITED STATES v. ROMIG,, 933 F.3d 1004 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . ("neo-Nazi/white supremacist" organizations), cert. denied, 551 U.S. 1127, 127 S.Ct. 2965, 168 L.Ed.2d . . .

DOE, v. COLUMBIA COLLEGE CHICAGO,, 933 F.3d 849 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). . . .

GREYER, v. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, v., 933 F.3d 871 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pardus , 551 U.S. 89, 94, 127 S.Ct. 2197, 167 L.Ed.2d 1081 (2007), Greyer's explanation for his failures . . .

EFFEX CAPITAL, LLC, v. NATIONAL FUTURES ASSOCIATION,, 933 F.3d 882 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Robbins , 551 U.S. 537, 550, 127 S.Ct. 2588, 168 L.Ed.2d 389 (2007) ). . . . Robbins , 551 U.S. 537, 547-48, 562, 127 S.Ct. 2588, 168 L.Ed.2d 389 (2007) ; an Eighth Amendment suit . . . Meyer , 510 U.S. 471, 473-74, 114 S.Ct. 996, 127 L.Ed.2d 308 (1994) ; a procedural due process suit against . . .

HIGGS, v. UNITED STATES PARK POLICE,, 933 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Federal Labor Relations Auth. , 510 U.S. 487, 495, 114 S.Ct. 1006, 127 L.Ed.2d 325 (1994). . . .

MUHAMMAD, v. MAYFIELD,, 933 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007) ). . . . define the boundaries of proper exhaustion," King , 598 F.3d at 1054 (quoting Jones , 549 U.S. at 218, 127 . . .

IN RE ASCOT FUND LIMITED, a, 603 B.R. 271 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Krys (In re Fairfield Sentry Ltd. ), 714 F.3d 127, 130 (2d Cir. 2013) (" Fairfield Sentry "). . . .

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS, INC. v. MANGAN, G. J., 933 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Right To Life, Inc. , 551 U.S. 449, 470, 127 S.Ct. 2652, 168 L.Ed.2d 329 (2007) (" WRTL "). . . . Citizens United , 558 U.S. at 340, 130 S.Ct. 876 (quoting WRTL , 551 U.S. at 464, 127 S.Ct. 2652 ). . . . WRTL , 551 U.S. at 469-70, 127 S.Ct. 2652. . . .

YOUNG, v. PFEIFFER,, 933 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bockting , 549 U.S. 406, 416, 127 S.Ct. 1173, 167 L.Ed.2d 1 (2007) (alteration in original) (internal . . .

LANDMARK AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, v. DEERFIELD CONSTRUCTION, INC. v. J., 933 F.3d 806 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ehlco Liquidating Tr. , 186 Ill. 2d 127, 151, 237 Ill.Dec. 82, 708 N.E.2d 1122 (1999). . . .

HARDEMAN, v. CURRAN,, 933 F.3d 816 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Twombly , 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). . . .

SHIFFLETT, v. Mr. KORSZNIAK, SCI Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. Dr. P., 934 F.3d 356 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Wander (Argued), Yale Law School, 127 Wall Street, P.O. . . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 219-20, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . . Bock , 549 U.S. 199, 216, 127 S.Ct. 910, 166 L.Ed.2d 798 (2007). . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. MCCALL, a k a, 934 F.3d 380 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 127. . . . J.A. 127. . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Landrigan , 550 U.S. 465, 474, 127 S.Ct. 1933, 167 L.Ed.2d 836 (2007). . . . See id. at 468, 127 S.Ct. 1933 ; Huff , 734 F.3d at 607. . . . evidence in "the record [that] refutes [Jackson's] factual allegations," Schriro , 550 U.S. at 474, 127 . . .

LIVADITIS, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 1036 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Landrigan , 550 U.S. 465, 481, 127 S.Ct. 1933, 167 L.Ed.2d 836 (2007) )). . . .

COEUR D ALENE TRIBE, a v. W. HAWKS A., 933 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Marchington , 127 F.3d 805 (9th Cir. 1997), the Tribe contended an examination of the scope of a tribal . . . jurisdiction is "a threshold inquiry in virtually every federal examination of a tribal judgment." 127 . . . See Marchington , 127 F.3d at 811. . . . See Marchington , 127 F.3d at 810 n.4 ("[T]he merits of the case should not, in an action brought in . . . See Marchington , 127 F.3d at 813. . . .

UNITED STATES v. NG LAP SENG, Ng, Ng W. C., 934 F.3d 110 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ferriero , 866 F.3d 107, 127-28 (3d Cir. 2017) (declining to apply McDonnell standard derived from § . . .

HAVLISH, v. FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY, Co., 934 F.3d 174 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 127-28. . . . Id. at 127 n.10. We reached the same conclusion with respect to 650 Fifth Ave. . . .

REYES, v. FISCHER, J. X., 934 F.3d 97 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 275, 114 S.Ct. 807, 127 L.Ed.2d 114 (1994) (Scalia, J., concurring) (stating that . . .

DUPREE, v. FAY SERVICING, LLC, LLC,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 639 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GAMMELL, v., 932 F.3d 1175 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Duenas-Alvarez, 549 U.S. 183, 190, 127 S. Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007). United States v. . . . Duenas-Alvarez , 549 U.S. 183, 127 S.Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007) requires us to analyze whether there . . . Duenas-Alvarez , 549 U.S. 183, 191, 127 S.Ct. 815, 166 L.Ed.2d 683 (2007), when confronted with a similar . . .