The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXIII
MOTOR VEHICLES

Chapter 317
OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE TITLING

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CHAPTER 317

OFF-HIGHWAY VEHICLE TITLING

317.0001 Short title.

317.0002 Legislative intent.

317.0003 Definitions.

317.0004 Administration of off-highway vehicle titling laws; records.

317.0005 Forms and notices.

317.0006 Certificate of title required.

317.0007 Application for and issuance of certificate of title.

317.0008 Duplicate certificate of title.

317.0009 Manufacturer’s statement of origin to be furnished.

317.0010 Disposition of fees.

317.0011 Refusal to issue and authority to cancel a certificate of title.

317.0012 Crimes relating to certificates of title; penalties.

317.0013 Nonmoving traffic violations.

317.0014 Certificate of title; issuance in duplicate; delivery; liens and encumbrances.

317.0015 Application of law.

317.0016 Expedited service; applications; fees.

317.0017 Offenses involving vehicle identification numbers, applications, certificates, papers; penalty.

317.0018 Transfer without delivery of certificate; operation or use without certificate; failure to surrender; other violations.

317.0001 Short title.—Sections 317.0001-317.0013 may be cited as the “Florida Off-Highway Vehicle Titling Act.”

History.—s. 55, ch. 2002-295.

317.0002 Legislative intent.—It is the intent of the Legislature that all off-highway vehicles purchased after the effective date of this act and all off-highway vehicles operated on public lands be titled and issued a certificate of title to allow for easy determination of ownership.

History.—s. 56, ch. 2002-295.

317.0003 Definitions.—As used in this chapter, the term:

(1) “ATV” means any motorized off-highway or all-terrain vehicle 55 inches or less in width which has a dry weight of 1,500 pounds or less, is designed to travel on three or more nonhighway tires, and is manufactured for recreational use by one or more persons.

(2) “Dealer” means any person authorized by the Department of Revenue to buy, sell, resell, or otherwise distribute off-highway vehicles. Such person must have a valid sales tax certificate of registration issued by the Department of Revenue and a valid commercial or occupational license required by any county, municipality, or political subdivision of the state in which the person operates.

(3) “Department” means the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.

(4) “Florida resident” means a person who has had a principal place of domicile in this state for a period of more than 6 consecutive months, who has registered to vote in this state, who has made a statement of domicile pursuant to s. 222.17, or who has filed for homestead tax exemption on property in this state.

(5) “OHM” or “off-highway motorcycle” means any motor vehicle used off the roads or highways of this state that has a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and is designed to travel with not more than two wheels in contact with the ground, but excludes a tractor or a moped.

(6) “Off-highway vehicle” means any ATV, two-rider ATV, ROV, or OHM that is used off the roads or highways of this state and that is not registered and licensed for highway use pursuant to chapter 320.

(7) “Owner” means a person, other than a lienholder, having the property in or title to an off-highway vehicle, including a person entitled to the use or possession of an off-highway vehicle subject to an interest held by another person, reserved or created by agreement and securing payment of performance of an obligation, but the term excludes a lessee under a lease not intended as security.

(8) “Public lands” means lands within the state that are available for public use and that are owned, operated, or managed by a federal, state, county, or municipal governmental entity.

(9) “ROV” means any motorized recreational off-highway vehicle 80 inches or less in width which has a dry weight of 3,500 pounds or less, is designed to travel on four or more nonhighway tires, and is manufactured for recreational use by one or more persons. The term does not include a golf cart as defined in ss. 316.003 and 320.01 or a low-speed vehicle as defined in s. 320.01.

(10) “Two-rider ATV” means any ATV that is specifically designed by the manufacturer for a single operator and one passenger.

History.—s. 57, ch. 2002-295; s. 43, ch. 2005-164; s. 3, ch. 2009-137; s. 2, ch. 2010-198; s. 43, ch. 2010-223; s. 83, ch. 2013-160; s. 4, ch. 2014-187; s. 3, ch. 2019-19; s. 2, ch. 2022-93.

317.0004 Administration of off-highway vehicle titling laws; records.—

(1) The administration of off-highway vehicle titling laws in this chapter is under the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, which shall provide for the issuing, handling, and recording of all off-highway vehicle titling applications and certificates, including the receipt and accounting of off-highway vehicle titling fees. The provisions of chapter 319 are applicable to this chapter, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

(2) The department shall keep records and perform other clerical duties pertaining to off-highway vehicle titling as required.

History.—s. 58, ch. 2002-295; s. 44, ch. 2005-164.

317.0005 Forms and notices.—The department shall prescribe and provide suitable forms for applications and other notices and forms necessary to administer the provisions of this chapter.

History.—s. 59, ch. 2002-295; s. 45, ch. 2005-164; s. 26, ch. 2013-18.

317.0006 Certificate of title required.—

(1) Any off-highway vehicle that is purchased by a resident of this state after the effective date of this act or that is owned by a resident and is operated on the public lands of this state must be titled pursuant to this chapter.

(2) A person may not sell, assign, or transfer an off-highway vehicle titled by the state without delivering to the purchaser or transferee a valid certificate of title with an assignment on it showing the transfer of title to the purchaser or transferee. A person may not purchase or otherwise acquire an off-highway vehicle required to be titled without obtaining a certificate of title for the vehicle in his or her name. The purchaser or transferee shall, within 30 days after a change in off-highway vehicle ownership, file an application for a title transfer with the county tax collector. An additional $10 fee shall be charged against a purchaser or transferee who files a title transfer application after the 30-day period. The county tax collector may retain $5 of the additional amount.

(3) A certificate of title is prima facie evidence of the ownership of the off-highway vehicle and is good for the life of the off-highway vehicle so long as the certificate is owned or held by the legal holder. If a titled off-highway vehicle is destroyed or abandoned, the owner, with the consent of any recorded lienholders, shall, within 30 days after the destruction or abandonment, surrender to the department all title documents for cancellation.

(4) The department shall provide labeled places on the title where the seller’s price shall be indicated when an off-highway vehicle is sold and where a selling dealer shall record his or her valid sales tax certificate of registration number.

(5)(a) There shall be a service charge of $4.25 for each application that is handled in connection with the issuance, duplication, or transfer of any certificate of title. There shall be a service charge of $1.25 for each application that is handled in connection with the recording or notation of a lien on an off-highway vehicle that is not in connection with the purchase of such vehicle.

(b) The service charges specified in paragraph (a) shall be collected by the department on any application handled directly from its office. Otherwise, these service charges shall be collected and retained by the tax collector who handles the application.

(c) In addition to the fees provided in paragraph (a), any tax collector may impose an additional service charge of not more than 50 cents on any transaction specified in paragraph (a) when such transaction occurs at any tax collector’s branch office.

History.—s. 60, ch. 2002-295; s. 46, ch. 2005-164.

317.0007 Application for and issuance of certificate of title.—

(1) The owner of an off-highway vehicle that is required to be titled must apply to the county tax collector for a certificate of title. The application must include the true name of the owner, the residence or business address of the owner, and a complete description of the off-highway vehicle. The application must be signed by the owner and must be accompanied by a fee of $29.

(2) The owner must establish proof of ownership by submitting with the application an executed bill of sale, a manufacturer’s statement of origin, an affidavit of ownership for off-highway vehicles purchased before the effective date of this act, or any other document acceptable to the department.

(3) To apply for a certificate of title upon transfer of ownership of an off-highway vehicle, the new owner must surrender to the department the last title document issued for that vehicle. The document must be properly executed. Proper execution includes the previous owner’s signature and certification that the off-highway vehicle to be transferred is debt-free or is subject to a lien. If a lien exists, the previous owner must furnish the new owner, on forms supplied by the department, the names and addresses of all lienholders and the dates of all liens, with a statement from each lienholder that the lienholder has knowledge of and consents to the transfer of title to the new owner.

(4) An application for an initial certificate of title or a title transfer must include payment of the applicable state sales tax or proof of payment of such tax, except for off-highway vehicles purchased or transferred before the effective date of this act.

(5) If the owner submits a complete application and complies with all other requirements of this section, the department shall issue a certificate of title that states that the title is for an off-highway vehicle that is not suitable for highway use. After October 1, 2003, the department shall also issue a copy of the guidebook prepared by the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services pursuant to s. 261.07.

(6) In addition to a certificate of title, the department may issue a validation sticker to be placed on the off-highway vehicle as proof of the issuance of title required pursuant to s. 317.0006(1). A validation sticker that is lost or destroyed may, upon application, be replaced by the department or county tax collector. The department and county tax collector may charge and deposit the fees established in ss. 320.03(5), 320.031, and 320.04 for all original and replacement decals.

History.—s. 61, ch. 2002-295; s. 47, ch. 2005-164.

317.0008 Duplicate certificate of title.—

(1) The department may issue a duplicate certificate of title upon application by the person entitled to hold such a certificate if the department is satisfied that the original certificate has been lost, destroyed, or mutilated. A fee of $15 shall be charged for issuing a duplicate certificate.

(2) If, following the issuance of an original, duplicate, or corrected certificate of title by the department, the certificate is lost in transit and is not delivered to the addressee, the owner of the off-highway vehicle or the holder of a lien thereon may, within 180 days after the date of issuance of the certificate, apply to the department for reissuance of the certificate. An additional fee may not be charged for reissuance under this subsection.

(3) The department shall implement a system to verify that the application is signed by a person authorized to receive a duplicate certificate of title under this section if the address shown on the application is different from the address shown for the applicant on the records of the department.

History.—s. 62, ch. 2002-295; s. 48, ch. 2005-164.

317.0009 Manufacturer’s statement of origin to be furnished.—

(1) Any person selling a new off-highway vehicle in this state must furnish a manufacturer’s statement of origin to the purchaser. The statement, which must be in English or accompanied by an English translation if the vehicle was purchased outside the United States, must be signed and dated by an authorized representative of the manufacturer, indicate the complete name and address of the purchaser, include a complete description of the vehicle, and contain as many assignments as necessary to show title in the name of the purchaser.

(2) It is unlawful for an off-highway vehicle manufacturer, manufacturer’s representative, or dealer to issue a manufacturer’s certificate of origin describing an off-highway vehicle with the knowledge that the description is false or that the off-highway vehicle described does not exist. It is unlawful for any person to obtain or attempt to obtain a certificate of origin with the knowledge that the description is false or that the off-highway vehicle does not exist. Any person who violates this subsection commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 63, ch. 2002-295.

317.0010 Disposition of fees.—The department shall deposit all funds received under this chapter, less administrative costs of $2 per title transaction, into the Incidental Trust Fund of the Florida Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services.

History.—s. 64, ch. 2002-295; s. 49, ch. 2005-164; s. 16, ch. 2012-7.

317.0011 Refusal to issue and authority to cancel a certificate of title.—

(1) If the department finds that an applicant for an off-highway vehicle certificate of title has given a false statement or false or incomplete information in applying for the certificate or has otherwise failed to comply with the applicable provisions pertaining to the application for a certificate, it may refuse to issue the certificate.

(2) If the department finds that an owner or dealer named in an off-highway vehicle certificate of title has given a false statement or false or incomplete information in applying for the certificate or has otherwise failed to comply with the applicable provisions pertaining to the application for a certificate, it may cancel the certificate.

(3) The department may cancel any pending application or any certificate if it finds that any title fee or sales tax pertaining to such application or certificate has not been paid, unless the fee or tax is paid within a reasonable time after the department has given notice.

History.—s. 65, ch. 2002-295.

317.0012 Crimes relating to certificates of title; penalties.—

(1) It is unlawful for any person to procure or attempt to procure a certificate of title or duplicate certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle, or to pass or attempt to pass a certificate of title or duplicate certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle or any assignment thereof, if such person knows or has reason to believe that the vehicle has been stolen. Any person who violates this subsection commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(2) It is unlawful for any person, knowingly and with intent to defraud, to have in his or her possession, sell, offer to sell, counterfeit, or supply a blank, forged, fictitious, counterfeit, stolen, or fraudulently or unlawfully obtained certificate of title, duplicate certificate of title, bill of sale, or other indicia of ownership of an off-highway vehicle or to conspire to do any of the foregoing. Any person who violates this subsection commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(3) It is unlawful to:

(a) Alter or forge any certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle or any assignment thereof or any cancellation of any lien on an off-highway vehicle.

(b) Retain or use such certificate, assignment, or cancellation knowing that it has been altered or forged.

(c) Use a false or fictitious name, give a false or fictitious address, or make any false statement in any application or affidavit required by this chapter or in a bill of sale or sworn statement of ownership or otherwise commit a fraud in any application.

(d) Knowingly obtain goods, services, credit, or money by means of an invalid, duplicate, fictitious, forged, counterfeit, stolen, or unlawfully obtained certificate of title, bill of sale, or other indicia of ownership of an off-highway vehicle.

(e) Knowingly obtain goods, services, credit, or money by means of a certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle which certificate is required by law to be surrendered to the department.

Any person who violates this subsection commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. A violation of this subsection with respect to any off-highway vehicle makes such off-highway vehicle contraband which may be seized by a law enforcement agency and forfeited under ss. 932.701-932.704.

History.—s. 66, ch. 2002-295; s. 50, ch. 2005-164.

317.0013 Nonmoving traffic violations.—Any person who fails to comply with any provision of this chapter for which a penalty is not otherwise provided commits a nonmoving traffic violation, punishable as provided in s. 318.18.

History.—s. 67, ch. 2002-295; s. 51, ch. 2005-164.

317.0014 Certificate of title; issuance in duplicate; delivery; liens and encumbrances.—

(1) The department shall assign a number to each certificate of title and shall issue each certificate of title and each corrected certificate in duplicate. The database record shall serve as the duplicate title certificate required in this section. One printed copy may be retained on file by the department.

(2) A duly authorized person shall sign the original certificate of title and each corrected certificate and, if there are no liens or encumbrances on the off-highway vehicle, as shown in the records of the department or as shown in the application, shall deliver the certificate to the applicant or to another person as directed by the applicant or person, agent, or attorney submitting the application. If there are one or more liens or encumbrances on the off-highway vehicle, the certificate shall be delivered by the department to the first lienholder as shown by department records or to the owner as indicated in the notice of lien filed by the first lienholder. If the notice of lien filed by the first lienholder indicates that the certificate should be delivered to the first lienholder, the department shall deliver to the first lienholder, along with the certificate, a form to be subsequently used by the lienholder as a satisfaction. If the notice of lien filed by the first lienholder directs the certificate of title to be delivered to the owner, then, upon delivery of the certificate of title by the department to the owner, the department shall deliver to the first lienholder confirmation of the receipt of the notice of lien and the date the certificate of title was issued to the owner at the owner’s address shown on the notice of lien and a form to be subsequently used by the lienholder as a satisfaction. If the application for certificate shows the name of a first lienholder different from the name of the first lienholder as shown by the records of the department, the certificate may not be issued to any person until after all parties who appear to hold a lien and the applicant for the certificate have been notified of the conflict in writing by the department by certified mail. If the parties do not amicably resolve the conflict within 10 days after the date the notice was mailed, the department shall serve notice in writing by certified mail on all persons appearing to hold liens on that particular vehicle, including the applicant for the certificate, to show cause within 15 days following the date the notice is mailed as to why it should not issue and deliver the certificate to the person indicated in the notice of lien filed by the lienholder whose name appears in the application as the first lienholder without showing any lien or liens as outstanding other than those appearing in the application or those that have been filed subsequent to the filing of the application for the certificate. If, within the 15-day period, any person other than the lienholder shown in the application or a party filing a subsequent lien, in answer to the notice to show cause, appears in person or by a representative, or responds in writing, and files a written statement under oath that his or her lien on that particular vehicle is still outstanding, the department may not issue the certificate to anyone until after the conflict has been settled by the lien claimants involved or by a court of competent jurisdiction. If the conflict is not settled amicably within 10 days after the final date for filing an answer to the notice to show cause, the complaining party shall have 10 days in which to obtain a ruling, or a stay order, from a court of competent jurisdiction. If a ruling or stay order is not issued and served on the department within the 10-day period, it shall issue the certificate showing no liens except those shown in the application or thereafter filed to the original applicant if there are no liens shown in the application and none are thereafter filed, or to the person indicated in the notice of lien filed by the lienholder whose name appears in the application as the first lienholder if there are liens shown in the application or thereafter filed. A duplicate certificate or corrected certificate shall show only the lien or liens as shown in the application and any subsequently filed liens that may be outstanding.

(3) Except as provided in subsection (4), the certificate of title shall be retained by the first lienholder or the owner as indicated in the notice of lien filed by the first lienholder. If the first lienholder is in possession of the certificate, the first lienholder is entitled to retain the certificate until the first lien is satisfied.

(4) If the owner of the vehicle, as shown on the title certificate, desires to place a second or subsequent lien or encumbrance against the vehicle when the title certificate is in the possession of the first lienholder, the owner shall send a written request to the first lienholder by certified mail, and the first lienholder shall forward the certificate to the department for endorsement. If the title certificate is in the possession of the owner, the owner shall forward the certificate to the department for endorsement. The department shall return the certificate to either the first lienholder or to the owner, as indicated in the notice of lien filed by the first lienholder, after endorsing the second or subsequent lien on the certificate and on the duplicate. If the first lienholder or owner fails, neglects, or refuses to forward the certificate of title to the department within 10 days after the date of the owner’s request, the department, on the written request of the subsequent lienholder or an assignee of the lien, shall demand of the first lienholder the return of the certificate for the notation of the second or subsequent lien or encumbrance.

(5)(a) Upon satisfaction of any first lien or encumbrance recorded by the department, the owner of the vehicle, as shown on the title certificate, or the person satisfying the lien is entitled to demand and receive from the lienholder a satisfaction of the lien. If the lienholder, upon satisfaction of the lien and upon demand, fails or refuses to furnish a satisfaction of the lien within 30 days after demand, he or she is liable for all costs, damages, and expenses, including reasonable attorney’s fees, lawfully incurred by the titled owner or person satisfying the lien in any suit brought in this state for cancellation of the lien. The lienholder receiving final payment as defined in s. 674.215 shall mail or otherwise deliver a lien satisfaction and the certificate of title indicating the satisfaction within 10 working days after receipt of final payment or notify the person satisfying the lien that the title is not available within 10 working days after receipt of final payment. If the lienholder is unable to provide the certificate of title and notifies the person of such, the lienholder shall provide a lien satisfaction and is responsible for the cost of a duplicate title, including expedited title charges as provided in s. 317.0016. This paragraph does not apply to electronic transactions under subsection (8).

(b) Following satisfaction of a lien, the lienholder shall enter a satisfaction thereof in the space provided on the face of the certificate of title. If the certificate of title was retained by the owner, the owner shall, within 5 days after satisfaction of the lien, deliver the certificate of title to the lienholder and the lienholder shall enter a satisfaction thereof in the space provided on the face of the certificate of title. If no subsequent liens are shown on the certificate of title, the certificate shall be delivered by the lienholder to the person satisfying the lien or encumbrance and an executed satisfaction on a form provided by the department shall be forwarded to the department by the lienholder within 10 days after satisfaction of the lien.

(c) If the certificate of title shows a subsequent lien not then being discharged, an executed satisfaction of the first lien shall be delivered by the lienholder to the person satisfying the lien and the certificate of title showing satisfaction of the first lien shall be forwarded by the lienholder to the department within 10 days after satisfaction of the lien.

(d) If, upon receipt of a title certificate showing satisfaction of the first lien, the department determines from its records that there are no subsequent liens or encumbrances upon the vehicle, the department shall forward to the owner, as shown on the face of the title, a corrected certificate showing no liens or encumbrances. If there is a subsequent lien not being discharged, the certificate of title shall be reissued showing the second or subsequent lienholder as the first lienholder and shall be delivered to either the new first lienholder or to the owner as indicated in the notice of lien filed by the new first lienholder. If the certificate of title is to be retained by the first lienholder on the reissued certificate, the first lienholder is entitled to retain the certificate of title except as provided in subsection (4) until his or her lien is satisfied. Upon satisfaction of the lien, the lienholder is subject to the procedures required of a first lienholder by subsection (4) and this subsection.

(6) When the original certificate of title cannot be returned to the department by the lienholder and evidence satisfactory to the department is produced that all liens or encumbrances have been satisfied, upon application by the owner for a duplicate copy of the certificate upon the form prescribed by the department, accompanied by the fee prescribed in this chapter, a duplicate copy of the certificate of title, without statement of liens or encumbrances, shall be issued by the department and delivered to the owner.

(7) Any person who fails, within 10 days after receipt of a demand by the department by certified mail, to return a certificate of title to the department as required by subsection (4) or who, upon satisfaction of a lien, fails within 10 days after receipt of such demand to forward the appropriate document to the department as required by paragraph (5)(b) or paragraph (5)(c) commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(8) Notwithstanding any requirements in this section or in s. 319.27 indicating that a lien on a vehicle shall be noted on the face of the Florida certificate of title, if there are one or more liens or encumbrances on the off-highway vehicle, the department may electronically transmit the lien to the first lienholder and notify the first lienholder of any additional liens. Subsequent lien satisfactions may be electronically transmitted to the department and must include the name and address of the person or entity satisfying the lien. When electronic transmission of liens and lien satisfactions are used, the issuance of a certificate of title may be waived until the last lien is satisfied and a clear certificate of title is issued to the owner of the vehicle.

(9) In sending any notice, the department is required to use only the last known address, as shown by its records.

History.—s. 52, ch. 2005-164.

317.0015 Application of law.—Sections 319.235, 319.241, 319.25, 319.27, 319.28, and 319.40 apply to all off-highway vehicles that are required to be titled under this chapter.

History.—s. 53, ch. 2005-164.

317.0016 Expedited service; applications; fees.—The department shall provide, through its agents and for use by the public, expedited service on title transfers, title issuances, duplicate titles, and recordation of liens. A fee of $7 shall be charged for this service, which is in addition to the fees imposed by ss. 317.0007 and 317.0008, and $3.50 of this fee shall be retained by the processing agency. All remaining fees shall be deposited in the Incidental Trust Fund of the Florida Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Application for expedited service may be made by mail or in person. The department shall issue each title applied for pursuant to this section within 5 working days after receipt of the application except for an application for a duplicate title certificate covered by s. 317.0008(3), in which case the title must be issued within 5 working days after compliance with the department’s verification requirements.

History.—s. 54, ch. 2005-164; s. 17, ch. 2012-7; s. 18, ch. 2013-160.

317.0017 Offenses involving vehicle identification numbers, applications, certificates, papers; penalty.—

(1) A person may not:

(a) Alter or forge any certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle or any assignment thereof or any cancellation of any lien on an off-highway vehicle.

(b) Retain or use such certificate, assignment, or cancellation knowing that it has been altered or forged.

(c) Procure or attempt to procure a certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle, or pass or attempt to pass a certificate of title or any assignment thereof to an off-highway vehicle, knowing or having reason to believe that the off-highway vehicle has been stolen.

(d) Possess, sell or offer for sale, conceal, or dispose of in this state an off-highway vehicle, or major component part thereof, on which any motor number or vehicle identification number affixed by the manufacturer or by a state agency has been destroyed, removed, covered, altered, or defaced, with knowledge of such destruction, removal, covering, alteration, or defacement, except as provided in s. 319.30(4).

(e) Use a false or fictitious name, give a false or fictitious address, or make any false statement in any application or affidavit required under this chapter or in a bill of sale or sworn statement of ownership or otherwise commit a fraud in any application.

(2) A person may not knowingly obtain goods, services, credit, or money by means of an invalid, duplicate, fictitious, forged, counterfeit, stolen, or unlawfully obtained certificate of title, registration, bill of sale, or other indicia of ownership of an off-highway vehicle.

(3) A person may not knowingly obtain goods, services, credit, or money by means of a certificate of title to an off-highway vehicle, which certificate is required by law to be surrendered to the department.

(4) A person may not knowingly and with intent to defraud have in his or her possession, sell, offer to sell, counterfeit, or supply a blank, forged, fictitious, counterfeit, stolen, or fraudulently or unlawfully obtained certificate of title, bill of sale, or other indicia of ownership of an off-highway vehicle or conspire to do any of the foregoing.

(5) A person, firm, or corporation may not knowingly possess, manufacture, sell or exchange, offer to sell or exchange, supply in blank, or give away any counterfeit manufacturer’s or state-assigned identification number plates or serial plates or any decal used for the purpose of identifying an off-highway vehicle. An officer, agent, or employee of any person, firm, or corporation, or any person may not authorize, direct, aid in exchange, or give away, or conspire to authorize, direct, aid in exchange, or give away, such counterfeit manufacturer’s or state-assigned identification number plates or serial plates or any decal. However, this subsection does not apply to any approved replacement manufacturer’s or state-assigned identification number plates or serial plates or any decal issued by the department or any state.

(6) A person who violates any provision of this section commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. Any off-highway vehicle used in violation of this section constitutes contraband that may be seized by a law enforcement agency and that is subject to forfeiture proceedings pursuant to ss. 932.701-932.704. This section is not exclusive of any other penalties prescribed by any existing or future laws for the larceny or unauthorized taking of off-highway vehicles, but is supplementary thereto.

History.—s. 55, ch. 2005-164.

317.0018 Transfer without delivery of certificate; operation or use without certificate; failure to surrender; other violations.—Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, any person who:

(1) Purports to sell or transfer an off-highway vehicle without delivering to the purchaser or transferee of the vehicle a certificate of title to the vehicle duly assigned to the purchaser as provided in this chapter;

(2) Operates or uses in this state an off-highway vehicle for which a certificate of title is required without the certificate having been obtained in accordance with this chapter, or upon which the certificate of title has been canceled;

(3) Fails to surrender a certificate of title upon cancellation of the certificate by the department and notice thereof as prescribed in this chapter;

(4) Fails to surrender the certificate of title to the department as provided in this chapter in the case of the destruction, dismantling, or change of an off-highway vehicle in such respect that it is not the off-highway vehicle described in the certificate of title; or

(5) Violates any other provision of this chapter or a lawful rule adopted pursuant to this chapter;

shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned for not more than 6 months, or both, for each offense, unless otherwise specified.

History.—s. 56, ch. 2005-164.

F.S. 317 on Google Scholar

F.S. 317 on Casetext

Amendments to 317

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 317

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S112.317 - OBSTRUCT - REPEALED 10/1/06. 2006-275 - M: F

S317.0009 2 - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - MFGR DEAL ISSUE FALSE CERT ORIGIN OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0009 2 - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - OBTAIN FALSE CERT ORIGIN FOR OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 1 - FRAUD - PROCURE PASS CERTIF OF TITLE STLEN OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 2 - FRAUD - POS SEL FORG CERT TITLE SALE BILL OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 3a - FORGERY OF - ALTR FORG CRT TITL ASIGN LIEN CNCL OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 3b - POSSESS FORGED - POS USE FORG CRT ASIGN LIEN CNCL OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 3c - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - USE FLS NM ADR ON AP AFDVT SAL BIL OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 3d - FRAUD - OBT GDS CRD MNY FALS STOL TITL BIL OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0012 3e - FRAUD - OBT GOODS CRD MNY TITL TO BE SUREN OFF-HWY VEH - F: T

S317.0014 7 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - FAIL RETURN TITLE TO DHSMV FOR LIEN ENDORSE - M: S

S317.0014 7 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - FAIL SEND LIEN SATISFACTION INFO TO DHSMV - M: S

S317.0017 1a - FORGERY OF - ALTER FORGE ATV DOCUMENTS - F: T

S317.0017 1b - POSSESS FORGED - KEEP USE ALTERED FORGED ATV DOCUMENTS - F: T

S317.0017 1c - POSSESS STOLEN PROP - PROCURE PASS DOCUMENTS FOR STOLEN ATV - F: T

S317.0017 1d - FRAUD - POSS SELL CONCEAL ATV WITH ALTERED VIN - F: T

S317.0017 1e - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - GIVE FALSE INFO ON ATV DOCUMENTS - F: T

S317.0017 2 - FRAUD - USE INVALID UNLAW ATV DOCS GET GOODS SERVICES - F: T

S317.0017 3 - FRAUD - USE UNLAW ATV TITLE OBTAIN GOODS SERVICES - F: T

S317.0017 4 - FRAUD - POSSESS SELL UNLAWFUL ATV DOCUMENTS - F: T

S317.0017 5 - FRAUD - POSSESS SELL MFGR UNLAWFUL ATV VIN PLATE - F: T

S317.0018 1 - NONMOVING TRAFFIC VIOL - SELL TRANSFER ATV WO GIVING TITLE - M: S

S317.0018 2 - NONMOVING TRAFFIC VIOL - OPERATE ATV WITH NO OR CANCELED TITLE - M: S

S317.0018 3 - NONMOVING TRAFFIC VIOL - FAIL SURRENDER ATV TITLE TO DHSMV - M: S

S317.0018 4 - NONMOVING TRAFFIC VIOL - FAIL SURRENDER TITLE FOR CHANGED ATV - M: S

S317.0018 5 - NONMOVING TRAFFIC VIOL - VIOLATE ATV LAW OR RULE - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 951, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983). . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . In re Grand Jury Subpoenas for Locals 17, 135, and 608 , 72 N.Y.2d 307, 317, 532 N.Y.S.2d 722, 528 N.E . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Harris , 267 U.S. 352, 353, 45 S.Ct. 317, 69 L.Ed. 652 (1925) (lands "lying within the former Creek Nation . . . Harris , 267 U.S. 352, 357, 45 S.Ct. 317, 69 L.Ed. 652 (1925) ; Woodward v. . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 939, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983). . . . of "a number of statutory provisions" produce a constitutional violation); Booker , 543 U.S., at 316-317 . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Williams , 192 U.S. 1, 24 S.Ct. 177, 48 L.Ed. 317 (1904) ; Yee Won v. . . . Shaughnessy , 338 U.S. 537, 70 S.Ct. 309, 94 L.Ed. 317 (1950) ; Shaughnessy v. . . . Williams , 192 U.S. 1, 24 S.Ct. 177, 48 L.Ed. 317 (1904) (habeas petition filed by resident of Puerto . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . property which was itself beyond the reach of creditors, and to compel its disgorgement," id., at 316-317 . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . FCC , 569 U.S. 290, 317, 133 S.Ct. 1863, 185 L.Ed.2d 941 (2013) (ROBERTS, C.J., dissenting) (quoting . . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983) ; see also EPA v. . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Macy , 398 F.2d 317, 318 (CA5 1968) (affirming dismissal of postal employee for homosexual acts). . . . DRUMMOND Ascent of Man 317 The sex-distinction slowly gathers definition. 1897 J. . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 955, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983) (noting that the Constitution prescribes . . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 952, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983) ). . . . United States , 18 Wall. 317, 321-322, 21 L.Ed. 784 (1873). . . .

NASRALLAH, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1683 (U.S. 2020)

. . . which the validity of the final order is contingent." 462 U.S. 919, 938, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bormes , 568 U.S. 6, 15-16, 133 S.Ct. 12, 184 L.Ed.2d 317 (2012) ; United States v. . . . Bormes , 568 U.S. 6, 16, 133 S.Ct. 12, 184 L.Ed.2d 317 (2012). . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Saratoga Springs , 170 F.3d 311, 317 (C.A.2 1999) (Sand, J., joined by SOTOMAYOR, J.); Committee for . . .

THRYV, INC. v. CLICK- TO- CALL TECHNOLOGIES, LP,, 140 S. Ct. 1367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . ." § 317(a). . . .

R. GOKOOL, v. OKLAHOMA CITY UNIVERSITY., 140 S. Ct. 490 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-317 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

WATTS, v. WATTS,, 935 F.3d 1138 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 317 (citing Mertens v. Kleinsorge-Mertens , 157 F. Supp. 3d 1092, 1105 (D.N.M. 2015) ). . . . Id. at 317. . . . Id. at 317-18. . . . Appellant's App. at 317. . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

V. CASSIDY, v. HALYARD HEALTH, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 474 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

TIMS, v. LGE COMMUNITY CREDIT UNION,, 935 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 309 Ga.App. 338, 711 S.E.2d 314, 317 (2011) (quoting Martinez v. . . .

IN RE BOWLES,, 935 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 317, 122 S. Ct. at 2250 (alteration adopted and quotation marks omitted). . . . of developing the processes for determining which offenders are intellectually disabled. 536 U.S. at 317 . . .

DIVERSE POWER, INC. v. CITY OF LAGRANGE, GEORGIA,, 934 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brown , 317 U.S. 341, 63 S. . . .

TIJERINO v. STETSON DESERT PROJECT, LLC, L J., 934 F.3d 968 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Darue Eng'g & Mfg. , 545 U.S. 308, 317, 125 S.Ct. 2363, 162 L.Ed.2d 257 (2005) ). . . .

DEJORIA, v. MAGHREB PETROLEUM EXPLORATION, S. A., 935 F.3d 381 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Palau , 317 S.W.3d 780, 785 (Tex. App. . . . Ramon , 169 F.3d 317, 321 & n.3 (5th Cir. 1999) (disposing of the recognition issue on a federal motion . . .

UNITED STATES v. CLARK,, 935 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Peck , 317 F.3d 754, 756-57 (7th Cir. 2003) (no probable cause for search warrant where affidavit was . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 317 n.22, 122 S.Ct. 2242. . . . Id. at 317, 122 S.Ct. 2242 (alterations in original). . . . Id. at 507 (alteration in original) (quoting Atkins , 536 U.S. at 317, 122 S.Ct. 2242 ). . . . Opening Brief at 26 (citing Atkins , 536 U.S. at 308 n.3, 317 n.22, 122 S.Ct. 2242 ). . . . Atkins , 536 U.S. at 308 n.3, 309 n.5, 317 n.22, 122 S.Ct. 2242. . . .

JEFFERIES, v. UNC REGIONAL PHYSICIANS PEDIATRICS, 392 F. Supp. 3d 620 (M.D.N.C. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-25, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . . City of Laurel, 895 F.3d 317, 327 (4th Cir. 2018) ; Hinton v. Va. Union Univ., 185 F. . . .

IN RE J. SHENK, Sr. J. Sr. v. U. S., 603 B.R. 671 (Bankr. N.D. N.Y. 2019)

. . . Conn. 2006) (citing In re Rutherford , 317 B.R. 865, 880-81 (Bankr. N.D. . . .

LANDMARK AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, v. DEERFIELD CONSTRUCTION, INC. v. J., 933 F.3d 806 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Livorsi Marine , 222 Ill. 2d at 317, 305 Ill.Dec. 533, 856 N.E.2d 338 ; see also Yorkville , 238 Ill. . . .

ODDO, v. BIMBO BAKERIES U. S. A. INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 466 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

SHIRLEY v. ALLSTATE INSURANCE CO., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1185 (S.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

IN RE MIAMI METALS I, INC., 603 B.R. 727 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 ). . . .

JANJUA, v. NEUFELD, USCIS T. USCIS K. U. S. U. S. P. U. S., 933 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Apex Marine Corp. , 498 U.S. 19, 30 n.1, 111 S.Ct. 317, 112 L.Ed.2d 275 (1990). . . .

PILLAR DYNASTY LLC, v. NEW YORK COMPANY, INC., 933 F.3d 202 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Realty, Inc. , 317 F.3d 209, 221 (2d Cir. 2003) ("exceptional cases" include "instances of fraud or bad . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Rotger-Sabat, 317 F.3d 45, 56 (1st Cir. 2003). . . .

P. DYER, v. VENTRA SANDUSKY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 472 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ventra Sandusky, L.L.C. , 317 F. Supp. 3d 953 (N.D. Ohio 2018). . . .

VALBRUNA SLATER STEEL CORPORATION, v. JOSLYN MANUFACTURING COMPANY,, 934 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . II) , 200 F.3d 317, 320-21 (5th Cir. 2000) (Alabama law); Valley Disposal, Inc. v. Cent. . . .

ALBANY AIRPORT HIE, LLC HIE LLC, v. HANOVER INSURANCE GROUP, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 193 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) (citing FED. R. CIV. . . .

KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 305, 317-18 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) (precluding lost income-producing asset damages theory disclosed . . .

IN RE GOOGLE INC. COOKIE PLACEMENT CONSUMER PRIVACY LITIGATION H., 934 F.3d 316 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Prudential , 148 F.3d at 317 (quotation omitted). . . . Prudential , 148 F.3d at 317 (quoting GM Trucks , 55 F.3d at 805-06 ). . . .

MCDONOUGH A. v. CYCLING SPORTS GROUP, INC. Co., 392 F. Supp. 3d 320 (W.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) ). . . .

KODIAK OIL GAS USA INC. HRC LLC v. BURR S. EOG S., 932 F.3d 1125 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . White Earth Band of Chippewa Indians , 317 F.3d 840, 847 (8th Cir. 2003) ("In terms of [federal question . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. JOHNSON,, 933 F.3d 540 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gloss , 661 F.3d 317, 319 (6th Cir. 2011) ("If a conviction for facilitation or conspiracy requires the . . .

OXFORD UNIVERSITY BANK, A N. A. CDO CDO v. LANSUPPE FEEDER, LLC,, 933 F.3d 99 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

SINKLER, v. A. BERRYHILL,, 932 F.3d 83 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 448, 453-59 (W.D.N.Y. 2018), reconsideration denied 317 F. Supp. 3d 687 (W.D.N.Y. 2018). . . . Berryhill , 317 F. Supp. 3d at 687, this timely appeal followed. II. . . . Berryhill , 317 F. Supp. at 695 (same). Nor has she done so on appeal. . . . Berryhill , 317 F. Supp. 3d at 693. . . .

GOODRICH, v. TONELLI S PIZZA PUB,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 523 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

VIRNETX INC. v. APPLE INC., 931 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . II VirnetX contends that Apple's reexams were barred by § 317(b). . . . The applicability of § 317(b) is a question of statutory interpretation. . . . (emphasis added) (quoting 35 U.S.C. § 317(b) ). . . . It did not analyze how petitions for certiorari impact § 317(b). . . . For the reasons above, § 317(b) estoppel applies to the Apple reexams. . . .

STEWARD HOLY FAMILY HOSPITAL, INC. v. MASSACHUSETTS NURSES ASSOCIATION,, 932 F.3d 14 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Union Gen. de Trabajadores, 961 F.2d 317, 320 (1st Cir. 1992). . . .

LONGORIA, v. HUNTER EXPRESS, LIMITED, 932 F.3d 360 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lee , 317 F.3d 498, 499 n.1 (5th Cir. 2003). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BOSYK,, 933 F.3d 319 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 356 F.2d 310, 317 (1st Cir. 1966) (noting that a magistrate may not "reach for external . . .

D. LISLE, Jr. v. WELBORN,, 933 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Chicago , 822 F.3d 317, 331 (7th Cir. 2016) ; United States v. . . .

SIMMONS, v. SAFEWAY, INC. d b a a, 388 F. Supp. 3d 1305 (W.D. Wash. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

FLORES, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 353 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) ; Gallo v. . . .

D. FARVER, v. D. MCCARTHY,, 931 F.3d 808 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

K. HASSEN, v. RUSTON LOUISIANA HOSPITAL COMPANY, L. L. C., 932 F.3d 353 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Area Rapid Transit , 383 F.3d 309, 317 (5th Cir. 2004) ). 850 F.3d 237, 242 (5th Cir. 2017). Id. . . .

UNITED STATES v. OLOYEDE, v. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a T. v. a k a, 933 F.3d 302 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 506 U.S. 534, 537, 113 S.Ct. 933, 122 L.Ed.2d 317 (1993). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BUCHANAN,, 933 F.3d 501 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Martinez , 430 F.3d 317, 330 (6th Cir. 2005) (citation omitted). . . .

E. HANEY, v. J. BRENNAN,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 633 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELDMAN,, 931 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 468 U.S. 317, 325, 104 S.Ct. 3081, 82 L.Ed.2d 242 (1984). . . .

HEISLER, v. NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 931 F.3d 786 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 327, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) ("Summary judgment procedure is properly . . .

J. GILLIAM, C. Ad v. SEALEY, E. C. T. A. Sr. C. T. A. WTVD LLC J. C. Ad v. C. T. A. E. C. T. A. Sr. WTVD LLC, 932 F.3d 216 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . to a finding of probable cause, the resulting seizure will be determined to be unreasonable," J.A. 317 . . .

LACEY, Ry v. NORAC, INC., 932 F.3d 657 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIEL A. v. H., 933 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 506 U.S. 534, 539, 113 S.Ct. 933, 122 L.Ed.2d 317 (1993). . . .

NOVAK, v. CITY OF PARMA, 932 F.3d 421 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 317, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995) )). . . .

GENETIC VETERINARY SCIENCES, INC. v. LABOKLIN GMBH CO. KG,, 933 F.3d 1302 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Appellants subsequently asserted counterclaims for infringement of the '114 patent, J.A. 317-28; however . . .

YOUNG, v. WINKLER,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 868 (S.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . Plabell Rubber Prod., Inc. , 858 F.2d 317, 320 (6th Cir. 1988) (citation omitted). . . .

DIXON, v. L. RYAN,, 932 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Poole , 317 F.3d 934 (9th Cir. 2003) (per curiam), to support his claim. . . . Dyas , 317 F.3d at 937. The State inarguably bears the burden to prove harmlessness. . . . Ct. 429, 430, 190 L.Ed.2d 317 (2014) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. VARGAS- MOLINA,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 809 (E.D. Mich. 2019)

. . . Luna , 436 F.3d 312, 317-19 (1st Cir. 2006) (reading Mendoza-Lopez the same way but declining to decide . . .

MEJIA- CASTANON, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 931 F.3d 224 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 923-24, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983). . . .

UNITED STATES v. VILLARREAL SILVA, a k a a k a, 931 F.3d 330 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shaughnessy , 338 U.S. 537, 542, 70 S.Ct. 309, 94 L.Ed. 317 (1950), and Nishimura Ekiu v. . . .

U. S. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION, v. MONEX CREDIT COMPANY, 931 F.3d 966 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ciba-Geigy Corp., USA , 317 F.3d 1097, 1106 (9th Cir. 2003). Discussion A. . . .

CALIFORNIA v. ABBVIE INC., 390 F. Supp. 3d 1176 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . App. 4th 579, 586-87, 174 Cal.Rptr.3d 317 (2014). . . . Id. at 596-97, 174 Cal.Rptr.3d 317. . . . Id. at 596 n.18, 174 Cal.Rptr.3d 317 (internal quotation omitted); see also People ex. rel. . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . McRae , 448 U.S. 297, 317 n.19, 100 S.Ct. 2671, 65 L.Ed.2d 784 (1980) ("A refusal to fund protected activity . . .

DOE, v. TRUMP CORPORATION,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 265 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 317, 330-31 (E.D.N.Y. 2012) ("The 'direct relationship' standard under RICO is stricter than . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 922 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . AR 286-317. . . . See AR 286-317, 534, 638-57, 702-27, 771. . . .

E. CHAMBERS, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 77 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

RODRIGUEZ v. CITY OF SAN JOSE, 930 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

TENNESSEE GAS PIPELINE COMPANY, LLC v. PERMANENT EASEMENT FOR ACRES, PERMANENT OVERLAY EASEMENT FOR ACRES AND TEMPORARY EASEMENTS FOR ACRES IN MILFORD AND WESTFALL TOWNSHIPS, PIKE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, TAX PARCEL NUMBERS a c o L. P., 931 F.3d 237 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Miller, 317 U.S. 369, 63 S.Ct. 276, 87 L.Ed. 336 (1943), held that federal substantive law applies to . . . See Miller, 317 U.S. at 379-80, 63 S.Ct. 276. . . . compensation "grounded upon the Constitution of the United States" is a federal substantive right, Miller, 317 . . . Miller, 317 U.S. at 379-80, 63 S.Ct. 276. . . . Miller, 317 U.S. at 380, 63 S.Ct. 276. . . . Miller , 317 U.S. 369, 374-76, 63 S.Ct. 276, 87 L.Ed. 336 (1943). . . . Miller , 317 U.S. at 376, 63 S.Ct. 276. . . . Miller , 317 U.S. at 376, 63 S.Ct. 276. . . . Indeed, Miller itself only concerned a condemnation by the federal government. 317 U.S. at 370, 63 S.Ct . . . by state law, Miller held that the federal substantive measure of just compensation was unchanged. 317 . . .

MATSON, v. SANDERSON FARMS, INC., 388 F. Supp. 3d 853 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . . Cleco Corp. , 749 F.3d 314, 317 (5th Cir. 2014) (quoting Forsyth v. . . . Area Rapid Transit , 383 F.3d 309, 317 (5th Cir. 2004). . . .

PRESQUE ISLE COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, v. HIGHMARK HEALTH, f k a f k a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 485 (W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Brown , 317 U.S. 341, 63 S.Ct. 307, 87 L.Ed. 315 (1943), in which the Supreme Court held that States . . . Philip Morris Inc. , 263 F.3d 239, 254 (3d Cir. 2001) (quoting Parker , 317 U.S. at 352, 63 S.Ct. 307 . . .

TRUE HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS, LLC, v. M. AZAR, II,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 656 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . United States , 468 U.S. 317, 326, n.6, 104 S.Ct. 3081, 82 L.Ed.2d 242, (1984) ). . . .

TRUE HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS, LLC, v. M. AZAR, II,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 666 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . United States , 468 U.S. 317, 326, n.6, 104 S.Ct. 3081, 82 L.Ed.2d 242, (1984) ). . . .

BIGSBY, Jr. v. BARCLAYS CAPITAL REAL ESTATE, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 336 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) ; Gallo v. . . . Compl. ¶¶ 317-21. . . .

IN RE LICKING RIVER MINING, LLC, v. LLC,, 603 B.R. 336 (Bankr. E.D. Ky. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 331, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986) (citations omitted) (emphasis in original . . .

TURNER, v. Al THOMAS, Jr. W., 930 F.3d 640 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mayor & City Council of Baltimore , 682 F.3d 317, 321 (4th Cir. 2012) ; see also Waybright , 528 F.3d . . .

PHILADELPHIA INDEMNITY INSURANCE COMPANY, v. CHICAGO TRUST COMPANY, THE BABY FOLD,, 930 F.3d 910 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Life Insurance Co. , 317 F.3d 773, 776 (7th Cir. 2003). Two more points. . . .

D. COTTRELL M. v. AMERICAN FAMILY MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, S. I., 930 F.3d 969 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

E. HORSEY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 280, 317 (D.D.C. 2017) (dismissing claim because "the plaintiff's own allegations ... . . .

SAID, v. NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 46 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . See id. at 313, 317. . . . Said III, 317 F. Supp. 3d at 326 (citation omitted). . . . Said III, 317 F. Supp. 3d at 326 (emphasis added). . . . Said III, 317 F. Supp. 3d at 330. . . . National Railroad Passenger Corp., 317 F. . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIHAI CHENG,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 141 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Coplan, 428 F.3d 317, 329-30 (1st Cir. 2005) (finding an attorney's failure to investigate the cause . . .

EBBE, v. CONCORDE INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC G. M. a k a M., 392 F. Supp. 3d 228 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Assocs., Inc., 438 Mass. 317, 780 N.E.2d 447, 449 (2002) ). . . .

CAUSE OF ACTION INSTITUTE, v. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 84 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 317 (emphasis in original) (citation omitted). . . .

GIBSON, Ca v. SCE GROUP, INC. d b a d b a s,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 228 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

G. BROWN, v. SERENITY C C, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 546 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322-24, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

CHACOTY, v. POMPEO, U. S., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Hinojosa , 896 F.3d at 317 (Dennis, J., dissenting). . . .

ZENITH INSURANCE COMPANY, v. OLD REPUBLIC INSURANCE COMPANY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1108 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

COTTO L PEZ, v. UNI N DE TRABAJADORES DE LA INDUSTRIA EL CTRICA Y RIEGO, X, Y, Z A, B, C, 392 F. Supp. 3d 263 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Rotger-Sabat, 317 F.3d 45, 53 n.2 (1st Cir. 2003). . . .

PARAMOUNT MEDIA GROUP, INC. v. VILLAGE OF BELLWOOD, 929 F.3d 914 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brown , 317 U.S. 341, 63 S.Ct. 307, 87 L.Ed. 315 (1943), the Village enjoys antitrust immunity. . . .

GRAVES, I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. LIOI L. Jr. I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. L. Jr., 930 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mayor & City Council of Balt. , 682 F.3d 317, 321 (4th Cir. 2012) (reiterating that negligence cannot . . .

KNIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS CORPORATION, v. HENKEL AG COMPANY, KGAA,, 930 F.3d 775 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catrett , 477 U.S. 317, 323, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). . . .

SCOTTSDALE CAPITAL ADVISORS CORPORATION, v. FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 72 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Nat'l Indian Gaming Comm'n, 317 F. Supp. 3d 504, 513-14 (D.D.C. 2018). . . .

UNITED STATES v. HANSEN,, 929 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . McCann , 317 U.S. 269, 279, 63 S.Ct. 236, 87 L.Ed. 268 (1942) ; accord Iowa v. . . . Tovar , 541 U.S. at 88, 124 S.Ct. 1379 (quoting Adams , 317 U.S. at 279, 63 S.Ct. 236 ). b We now examine . . . Tovar , 541 U.S. at 88, 124 S.Ct. 1379 (quoting Adams , 317 U.S. at 279, 63 S.Ct. 236 ). . . .