The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXIV
VESSELS

Chapter 327
VESSEL SAFETY

View Entire Chapter

F.S. 327.02

327.02 Definitions.—As used in this chapter and in chapter 328, unless the context clearly requires a different meaning, the term:

(1) “Airboat” means a vessel that is primarily designed for use in shallow waters and powered by an internal combustion engine with an airplane-type propeller mounted above the stern and used to push air across a set of rudders.

(2) “Alien” means a person who is not a citizen of the United States.

(3) “Barge” means a vessel that does not have living quarters, is not propelled by its own power, and is designed to be pushed or pulled by another vessel.

(4) “Boating accident” means a collision, accident, or casualty involving a vessel in or upon, or entering into or exiting from, the water, including capsizing, collision with another vessel or object, sinking, personal injury, death, disappearance of a person from on board under circumstances that indicate the possibility of death or injury, or property damage to any vessel or dock.

(5) “Canoe” means a light, narrow vessel with curved sides and with both ends pointed. A canoe-like vessel with a transom may not be excluded from the definition of a canoe if the width of its transom is less than 45 percent of the width of its beam or it has been designated as a canoe by the United States Coast Guard.

(6) “Commercial fishing vessel” means a vessel primarily engaged in the taking or landing of saltwater fish or saltwater products or freshwater fish or freshwater products, or a vessel licensed pursuant to s. 379.361 from which commercial quantities of saltwater products are harvested, from within and without the waters of this state for sale to the consumer or to a retail or wholesale dealer.

(7) “Commercial parasailing” means providing or offering to provide, for consideration, any activity involving the towing of a person by a motorboat if:

(a) One or more persons are tethered to the towing vessel;

(b) The person or persons ascend above the water; and

(c) The person or persons remain suspended under a canopy, chute, or parasail above the water while the vessel is underway.

The term does not include ultralight glider towing conducted under rules of the Federal Aviation Administration governing ultralight vehicles as defined in 14 C.F.R. part 103.

(8) “Commercial vessel” means a vessel used as a place of business or a professional or other commercial enterprise.

(9) “Commission” means the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

(10) “Dealer” means a person authorized by the Department of Revenue to buy, sell, resell, or otherwise distribute vessels. Such person must have a valid sales tax certificate of registration issued by the Department of Revenue and a valid commercial or occupational license required by any county, municipality, or political subdivision of the state in which the person operates.

(11) “Division” means the Division of Law Enforcement of the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

(12) “Documented vessel” means a vessel for which a valid certificate of documentation is outstanding pursuant to 46 C.F.R. part 67.

(13) “Effective means of propulsion for safe navigation” means a vessel, other than a barge, that is equipped with:

(a) A functioning motor, controls, and steering system; or

(b) Rigging and sails that are present and in good working order, and a functioning steering system.

(14) “Floating structure” means a floating entity, with or without accommodations built thereon, which is not primarily used as a means of transportation on water but which serves purposes or provides services typically associated with a structure or other improvement to real property. The term includes, but is not limited to, an entity used as a residence, place of business or office with public access; a hotel or motel; a restaurant or lounge; a clubhouse; a meeting facility; a storage or parking facility; or a mining platform, dredge, dragline, or similar facility or entity represented as such. Floating structures are expressly excluded from the definition of the term “vessel” provided in this section. Incidental movement upon water or resting partially or entirely on the bottom does not, in and of itself, preclude an entity from classification as a floating structure.

(15) “Florida Intracoastal Waterway” means the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, the Georgia state line north of Fernandina to Miami; the Port Canaveral lock and canal to the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway; the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, Miami to Key West; the Okeechobee Waterway, Stuart to Fort Myers; the St. Johns River, Jacksonville to Sanford; the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Anclote to Fort Myers; the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Carrabelle to Tampa Bay; Carrabelle to Anclote open bay section, using the Gulf of Mexico; the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Carrabelle to the Alabama state line west of Pensacola; and the Apalachicola, Chattahoochee, and Flint Rivers in Florida.

(16) “Homemade vessel” means a vessel built after October 31, 1972, for which a federal hull identification number is not required to be assigned by the manufacturer pursuant to federal law, or a vessel constructed or assembled before November 1, 1972, by an entity other than a licensed manufacturer for its own use or the use of a specific person. A vessel assembled from a manufacturer’s kit or constructed from an unfinished manufactured hull is considered to be a homemade vessel if such a vessel is not required to have a hull identification number assigned by the United States Coast Guard. A rebuilt or reconstructed vessel may not be construed to be a homemade vessel.

(17) “Houseboat” means a vessel that is used primarily as a residence for at least 21 days during any 30-day period in a county of this state if such residential use of the vessel is to the preclusion of its use as a means of transportation.

(18) “Human-powered vessel” means a vessel powered only by its occupant or occupants, including, but not limited to, a vessel powered only by the occupants’ hands or feet, oars, or paddles.

(19) “Kiteboarding” or “kitesurfing” means an activity in which a kiteboard or surfboard is tethered to a kite so as to harness the power of the wind and propel the board across a body of water. For purposes of this subsection, the term “kite” has the same meaning as used in 14 C.F.R. part 101.

(20) “Length” means the measurement from end to end over the deck parallel to the centerline, excluding sheer.

(21) “Lien” means a security interest that is reserved or created by a written agreement recorded with the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles pursuant to s. 328.15 and that secures payment or performance of an obligation and is generally valid against third parties.

(22) “Lienholder” means a person holding a security interest in a vessel, which interest is recorded with the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles pursuant to s. 328.15.

(23) “Live-aboard vessel” means:

(a) A vessel used solely as a residence and not for navigation;

(b) A vessel for which a declaration of domicile has been filed pursuant to s. 222.17; or

A commercial fishing vessel is expressly excluded from the term “live-aboard vessel.”

(24) “Livery vessel” means a vessel leased, rented, or chartered to another for consideration.

(25) “Manufactured vessel” means a vessel built after October 31, 1972, for which a federal hull identification number is required pursuant to federal law, or a vessel constructed or assembled before November 1, 1972, by a duly licensed manufacturer.

(26) “Marina” means a licensed commercial facility that provides secured public moorings or dry storage for vessels on a leased basis. A commercial establishment authorized by a licensed vessel manufacturer as a dealership is considered a marina for nonjudicial sale purposes.

(27) “Marine sanitation device” means equipment, other than a toilet, for installation on board a vessel which is designed to receive, retain, treat, or discharge sewage, and any process to treat such sewage. Marine sanitation device Types I, II, and III shall be defined as provided in 33 C.F.R. part 159.

(28) “Marker” means a channel mark or other aid to navigation, an information or regulatory mark, an isolated danger mark, a safe water mark, a special mark, an inland waters obstruction mark, or mooring buoy in, on, or over the waters of the state or the shores thereof, and includes, but is not limited to, a sign, beacon, buoy, or light.

(29) “Moored ballooning” means the operation of a moored balloon pursuant to 14 C.F.R. part 101.

(30) “Motorboat” means a vessel equipped with machinery for propulsion, irrespective of whether the propulsion machinery is in actual operation.

(31) “Muffler” means an automotive-style sound-suppression device or system designed to effectively abate the sound of exhaust gases emitted from an internal combustion engine and prevent excessive sound when installed on such an engine.

(32) “Navigation rules” means, for vessels on:

(a) Waters outside established navigational lines of demarcation as specified in 33 C.F.R. part 80, the International Navigational Rules Act of 1977, 33 U.S.C. s. 1602, as amended, including the appendix and annexes thereto, through December 31, 2020.

(b) All waters not outside of such established lines of demarcation, the Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980, 33 C.F.R. parts 83-90, as amended, through December 31, 2020.

(33) “Nonresident” means a citizen of the United States who has not established residence in this state and has not continuously resided in this state for 1 year and in one county for the 6 months immediately preceding the initiation of a vessel titling or registration action.

(34) “Operate” means to be in charge of, in command of, or in actual physical control of a vessel upon the waters of this state, to exercise control over or to have responsibility for a vessel’s navigation or safety while the vessel is underway upon the waters of this state, or to control or steer a vessel being towed by another vessel upon the waters of the state.

(35) “Owner” means a person, other than a lienholder, having the property in or title to a vessel. The term includes a person entitled to the use or possession of a vessel subject to an interest in another person which is reserved or created by agreement and securing payment of performance of an obligation. The term does not include a lessee under a lease not intended as security.

(36) “Person” means an individual, partnership, firm, corporation, association, or other entity.

(37) “Personal watercraft” means a vessel less than 16 feet in length which uses an inboard motor powering a water jet pump as its primary source of motive power and which is designed to be operated by a person sitting, standing, or kneeling on the vessel, rather than in the conventional manner of sitting or standing inside the vessel.

(38) “Portable toilet” means a device consisting of a lid, seat, containment vessel, and support structure which is specifically designed to receive, retain, and discharge human waste and which is capable of being removed from a vessel by hand.

(39) “Prohibited activity” means activity that will impede or disturb navigation or creates a safety hazard on waterways of this state.

(40) “Racing shell,” “rowing scull,” or “racing kayak” means a manually propelled vessel that is recognized by national or international racing associations for use in competitive racing and in which all occupants, with the exception of a coxswain, if one is provided, row, scull, or paddle and that is not designed to carry and does not carry any equipment not solely for competitive racing.

(41) “Recreational vessel” means a vessel:

(a) Manufactured and used primarily for noncommercial purposes; or

(b) Leased, rented, or chartered to a person for his or her noncommercial use.

(42) “Registration” means a state operating license on a vessel which is issued with an identifying number, an annual certificate of registration, and a decal designating the year for which a registration fee is paid.

(43) “Resident” means a citizen of the United States who has established residence in this state and has continuously resided in this state for 1 year and in one county for the 6 months immediately preceding the initiation of a vessel titling or registration action.

(44) “Sailboat” means a vessel whose sole source of propulsion is the wind.

(45) “Sustained wind speed” means a wind speed determined by averaging the observed wind speed rounded up to the nearest mile per hour over a 2-minute period.

(46) “Unclaimed vessel” means an undocumented vessel, including its machinery, rigging, and accessories, which is in the physical possession of a marina, garage, or repair shop for repairs, improvements, or other work with the knowledge of the vessel owner and for which the costs of such services have been unpaid for more than 90 days after the date written notice of the completed work is given by the marina, garage, or repair shop to the vessel owner.

(47) “Vessel” is synonymous with boat as referenced in s. 1(b), Art. VII of the State Constitution and includes every description of watercraft, barge, and airboat, other than a seaplane on the water, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water.

(48) “Waters of this state” means any navigable waters of the United States within the territorial limits of this state, the marginal sea adjacent to this state and the high seas when navigated as a part of a journey or ride to or from the shore of this state, and all the inland lakes, rivers, and canals under the jurisdiction of this state.

History.—s. 1, ch. 59-399; s. 1, ch. 63-103; s. 1, ch. 65-361; s. 17, ch. 69-216; ss. 25, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 3, ch. 70-336; s. 132, ch. 71-377; s. 1, ch. 72-16; s. 1, ch. 72-55; ss. 1, 15, ch. 74-327; s. 23, ch. 79-334; s. 1, ch. 81-100; s. 1, ch. 81-114; s. 76, ch. 82-226; s. 1, ch. 83-20; s. 2, ch. 84-184; s. 1, ch. 85-252; s. 1, ch. 88-133; s. 1, ch. 89-136; s. 2, ch. 89-250; s. 2, ch. 94-241; s. 152, ch. 94-356; s. 951, ch. 95-148; s. 1, ch. 95-333; s. 3, ch. 98-308; ss. 18, 89, ch. 99-245; s. 2, ch. 2000-362; s. 1, ch. 2006-172; s. 194, ch. 2008-247; s. 6, ch. 2009-86; s. 1, ch. 2013-194; s. 2, ch. 2014-70; s. 2, ch. 2017-163; s. 3, ch. 2021-184.

Note.—Former s. 371.021.

F.S. 327.02 on Google Scholar

F.S. 327.02 on Casetext

Amendments to 327.02

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 327.02

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 327.02.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

IN RE STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- REPORT, 262 So. 3d 59 (Fla. 2019)

. . . statutory citation for "vessel" in instruction 7.9 to cite to the correct statutory definition, section 327.02 . . . means a member of the species homo sapiens, at any stage of development, who is carried in the womb. § 327.02 . . . than a seaplane on the water, used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. § 327.02 . . .

IN RE STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- REPORT, 249 So. 3d 554 (Fla. 2018)

. . . Stat., and the definitions for vessel, live-aboard vessel, and houseboat are in § 327.02, Fla. . . .

IN RE BLAIR OIL INVESTMENTS, LLC,, 588 B.R. 579 (Bankr. Colo. 2018)

. . . central role in administration standard"); Richard Levin and Henry Sommer, 3 COLLIER ON BANKRUPTCY ¶ 327.02 . . .

IN RE STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- REPORT, 238 So. 3d 192 (Fla. 2018)

. . . . § 327.02(30), Fla. Stat. . . . indifference to consequences and with knowledge that damage is likely to be done to persons or property. § 327.02 . . .

IN RE WRIGHT v. A., 578 B.R. 570 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2017)

. . . D.N.J. 1992) (quoting 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 (15th Ed.1992)). . . .

IN RE FAKHARI,, 554 B.R. 250 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2016)

. . . . § 1327(a). . 8 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 1 327.02[l][b], at 1327-5 (Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- REPORT NO., 192 So. 3d 1190 (Fla. 2016)

. . . . § 327.02(30), Fla. Stat. . . . emergencies and, in general, to normally perform the many mental and physical acts of our daily lives. § 327.02 . . . emergencies and, in general, to normally perform the many mental and physical acts of our daily lives. § 327.02 . . . emergencies and, in general, to normally perform the many mental and physical acts of our daily lives. § 327.02 . . .

IN RE CHESLEY, K. v. R. LLC,, 551 B.R. 663 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2016)

. . . . § 328.03(l)(a)-(d); § 327.02(28) § 328.03(1) and (2). . . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASE- REPORT NO., 195 So. 3d 1088 (Fla. 2016)

. . . in § 320.01, Fla, Stat., and the definitions for vessel, live-aboard vessel, and houseboat are in § 327.02 . . . Stat., and the definiticms for vessel, live-aboard vessel, and houseboat are in § 327.02, Fla. . . .

IN RE FAKHARI,, 545 B.R. 303 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2016)

. . . See 8 Collier on Bankruptcy, If 1 327.02[1], at 1327-3. . See United Student Aid Funds, Inc. v. . . .

HOEFLING, Jr. v. CITY OF MIAMI,, 17 F. Supp. 3d 1227 (S.D. Fla. 2014)

. . . The statute defines a “derelict vessel” as “any vessel, as defined in s. 327.02, that is left, stored . . .

STAN LEE MEDIA, INC. a v. CONAN SALES CO. LLC, a, 546 F. App'x 725 (9th Cir. 2013)

. . . See 3 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02[6][e] (Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. . . .

STAN LEE MEDIA, INC. a v. CONAN SALES CO. LLC, a, 546 F. App’x 725 (9th Cir. 2013)

. . . See 3 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02[6][c] (Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. . . .

STATE v. DAVIS,, 110 So. 3d 27 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2013)

. . . Vessel is defined in section 327.02(39) as being “synonymous with boat as referenced in s. 1(b), Art. . . . If section 327.02(39) defined vessel only as including “every description of watercraft ... used or capable . . . However, because section 327.02(39) refers to section (l)(b) of article VII, which contains the reference . . . Although some prior versions of the definition set forth in section 327.02(39) defined vessel as being . . . chapter to address registration requirements, we interpret the constitutional reference in section 327.02 . . .

HOEFLING, Jr. v. CITY OF MIAMI,, 876 F. Supp. 2d 1321 (S.D. Fla. 2012)

. . . The statute defines a “derelict vessel” as “any vessel, as defined in s. 327.02, that is left, stored . . . Stat. § 327.02(39). There is no dispute that Hoefling’s sailboat is a "vessel” under Florida law. . . . .

In MARKET CENTER EAST RETAIL PROPERTY, INC., 448 B.R. 43 (Bankr. D.N.M. 2011)

. . . Equip., Inc., 23 F.3d at 318 (citing 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02, at 327-10 (15th ed. 1993)). . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- REPORT NO., 6 So. 3d 574 (Fla. 2009)

. . . (emphasis added), with § 327.02(39), Fla. . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- REPORT NO., 994 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 2008)

. . . . § 327.02(39) Fla. Stat. Applicable only to Vessel Homicide. . . .

YVON, v. BAJA MARINE CORPORATION,, 495 F. Supp. 2d 1179 (N.D. Fla. 2007)

. . . VII, § 1(b); see also, § 327.02(39), Fla. . . .

In STANDARD JURY INSTRUCTIONS IN CRIMINAL CASES- No., 946 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 2006)

. . . . § 327.02(39) Fla. Stat. Applicable only to Vessel Homicide. . . .

J. S. G. JR. v. STATE, 927 So. 2d 187 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2006)

. . . The navigation rules are defined in section 327.02(23), Florida Statutes (2003), as the Inland Navigational . . . Section 327.02(2) defines a “boating accident” as “a collision, accident, or casualty involving a vessel . . .

B. TAGUE, d. b. a. v. FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION, a, 154 F. App'x 129 (11th Cir. 2005)

. . . . § 327.02; the accompanying Florida Administrative Code sections relevant to the FMSA and FVSL; and . . .

In ETOYS, INC., 331 B.R. 176 (Bankr. D. Del. 2005)

. . . See generally, Collier on Bankruptcy § 327.02[6][c] (15th ed. rev.) . . .

B. TAGUE, d b a v. FLORIDA FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION COMMISSION,, 390 F. Supp. 2d 1195 (M.D. Fla. 2005)

. . . See generally § 327.02 Fla. Stat. (2005). . . . Section 327.02(37) says that “ ‘[vjessel’ is synonymous with boat as referenced in § 1(b), Art. . . . Although the definition of vessel provided in § 327.02(37) excludes seaplanes, Chapter 327 only comes . . . is applicable to circumstances even more limited than those in which the definition of vessel in § 327.02 . . .

B. MIHELICH, v. W. TRAVERS, a k a, 889 So. 2d 837 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 2004)

. . . Section 327.02(38), Florida Statutes, defines “waters of this state,” to include “navigable waters of . . .

In ABRAMS,, 305 B.R. 920 (Bankr. S.D. Ala. 2002)

. . . L.L.C. and disallowing in its entirety (4/17/01) (Bankr.S.D.Ala.2001) (citing Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In COMPUTER LEARNING CENTERS, INC., 272 B.R. 891 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 2001)

. . . See 3 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02[1] (15th ed.2001). . . .

In L. HACKER,, 260 B.R. 542 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2000)

. . . based their decisions at least partially on the definition of “motor boat” found in Florida Statutes § 327.02 . . . Section 327.02 provides: (20) “Motorboat” means any vessel which is propelled or powered by machinery . . . Stat. § 327.02(20) (2000). B. . . . courts, concluded that a boat that qualifies as a motor boat under the Florida boat-title statute, § 327.02 . . . being used as a means of transportation on water,” qualifies as a “motor boat” under Florida Statutes § 327.02 . . .

In H. ALBRECHT, H., 245 B.R. 666 (B.A.P. 10th Cir. 2000)

. . . Equip., Inc.), 23 F.3d 311, 318 (10th Cir.1994) (citing 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02, at 327-10 ( . . .

In S. BRISSONT, 250 B.R. 413 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2000)

. . . Florida Statute Section 327.02(20) defines “motorboat” as any vessel that is propelled or powered by . . .

KISSIMMEE RIVER VALLEY SPORTSMANS ASSOCIATION, v. CITY OF LAKELAND,, 60 F. Supp. 2d 1289 (M.D. Fla. 1999)

. . . II is a claim for declaratory relief, alleging that Section 58-32 is expressly prohibited by Section 327.02 . . .

In WALTER,, 230 B.R. 200 (Bankr. S.D. Fla. 1999)

. . . Since the Debtors’ vessel is a “motor boat” as defined in Section 327.02(20), and is capable of moving . . . Section 327.02(2) defines a "motor boat” as “any vessel which is propelled or powered by machinery and . . .

In OFF STORES, INC. A A L. P. A Co. A, 213 B.R. 646 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 1997)

. . . Stern, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 (15th ed.1989). . . .

SEIBEL, v. SOCIETY LEASE, INC., 969 F. Supp. 713 (M.D. Fla. 1997)

. . . under sec. 320.01(1), or mobile home as defined in sec. 320.01(2), or motorboat as defined under sec. 327.02 . . .

STATE v. B. EFTHIMIADIS,, 690 So. 2d 1320 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1997)

. . . Appellee ultimately filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that section 327.02(37), Florida Statutes . . . court understandably focused on the definition of the term “waters of this state” contained in section 327.02 . . . sea and the high seas “when navigated as a part of a journey or ride from the shore of this state.” § 327.02 . . . Section 327.02, Florida Statutes (Supp.1994), states: (37) "Waters of this state” means any navigable . . . address the constitutionality of the expanded definition of “waters of the state” contained in section 327.02 . . .

In AMERICAN FREIGHT SYSTEM, INC. In ANUHCO, INC. f k a AMERICAN FREIGHT SYSTEM, INC. v. R. POWELL, R. POWELL, v. ANUHCO, INC., 205 B.R. 290 (D. Kan. 1996)

. . . agreement against any of AFS’s assets that are or were in its bankruptcy estate. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . . King, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 (15th ed. 1994). . . .

In CENTURY CLEANING SERVICES, INC., 202 B.R. 149 (Bankr. D. Or. 1996)

. . . fact that a debtor in possession would have no obligation to pay such fees. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In CONCRETE PRODUCTS, INC., 208 B.R. 1000 (Bankr. S.D. Ga. 1996)

. . . a split in the circuits and permitting nunc pro tunc employment); see also Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

LEE COUNTY, a v. LIPPI J M a d b a s, 662 So. 2d 1304 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1995)

. . . Section 327.02(33), Florida Statutes (1993), defines personal watercraft as a small class A-l or A-2 . . .

In JARVIS, 53 F.3d 416 (1st Cir. 1995)

. . . King, Collier on Bankruptcy § 327.02, at 327-20 (15th ed. 1995) [hereinafter Collier on Bankruptcy ] . . . BAP 1986); see also 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, supra, § 327.02, at 327-20. . . . general no-nobservanee of section 327(a)’s requirements); see generally 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, supra, § 327.02 . . .

In JARVIS, 53 F.3d 416 (1st Cir. 1995)

. . . King, Collier on Bankruptcy § 327.02, at 327-20 (15th ed. 1995) [hereinafter Collier on Bankruptcy ] . . . BAP 1986); see also 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, supra, § 327.02, at 327-20. . . . general nonobservance of section 327(a)’s requirements); see generally 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, supra, § 327.02 . . .

In MARQUAM INVESTMENT CORP., 176 B.R. 34 (Bankr. D. Or. 1994)

. . . See Collier on Bankruptcy 15th Ed., p. 327-12 at ¶ 327.02. . . .

In INTERWEST BUSINESS EQUIPMENT, INC. a INTERWEST BUSINESS EQUIPMENT, INC. a v. UNITED STATES TRUSTEE,, 23 F.3d 311 (10th Cir. 1994)

. . . 330 (court may allow fees to a professional “employed under section 327”); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In INTERWEST BUSINESS EQUIPMENT, INC. a INTERWEST BUSINESS EQUIPMENT, INC. a v. UNITED STATES TRUSTEE,, 23 F.3d 311 (10th Cir. 1994)

. . . 330 (court may allow fees to a professional “employed under section 327”); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In LUCHKA d b a, 152 B.R. 18 (Bankr. D.R.I. 1993)

. . . Corp., 737 F.2d 115, 119 (1st Cir.1984); see also 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02, 327-9— 327-15 (15th . . .

In UNIVERSAL PARTS SERVICES, INC., 151 B.R. 285 (Bankr. W.D. Okla. 1993)

. . . 1265 (10th Cir.1991); In re Calkins, 143 B.R. 790 (Bankr.W.D.Okla.1992); 3 Collier on Bankruptcy § 327.02 . . .

In ST. VRAIN STATION COMPANY, FRANKS LAW CORPORATION, v. ST. VRAIN STATION COMPANY,, 151 B.R. 549 (D. Colo. 1993)

. . . The cases are collected in 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 at 327-6 — 327-18 (15th Ed. 1992). . . .

In GRENOBLE APARTMENTS, II, UNITED STATES TRUSTEE, v. GRENOBLE APARTMENTS, II,, 152 B.R. 608 (D.S.D. 1993)

. . . so that attorneys who have not sought prior approval may be compensated. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

ROD S RECOVERY AGENCY, J. v. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DIVISION OF LICENSING,, 606 So. 2d 458 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . defined under s. 320.01(1), or mobile home as defined in s. 320.01(2), or motorboat as defined under s. 327.02 . . .

In L. HAGAN,, 145 B.R. 515 (Bankr. E.D. Va. 1992)

. . . services may be an officious in-termeddler or a gratuitous volunteer....” 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . .

In SOUND RADIO, INC. t a WNJR a, 145 B.R. 193 (Bankr. D.N.J. 1992)

. . . authority from being “officious intermeddler[s] or gratuitous volunteers].” 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In CALKINS, Jr. L., 143 B.R. 790 (Bankr. W.D. Okla. 1992)

. . . circumstances for retroactive approval of employment are explained fully in Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . .

STATE FARM FIRE CASUALTY COMPANY, v. JOHNSON,, 596 So. 2d 1162 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1992)

. . . Farm should have amended its policy to include the term “personal watercraft” as defined in section 327.02 . . .

In S. JONES,, 138 B.R. 289 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 1992)

. . . King, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 at 327-9 (15th ed. 1991) (a person who performs without court authority . . .

In MADISON MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC., 137 B.R. 275 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1992)

. . . Code is to allow the bankruptcy court to control administrative expenses. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . .

In OFFICE PRODUCTS OF AMERICA, INC., 136 B.R. 675 (Bankr. W.D. Tex. 1992)

. . . First Nat’l Bank (In re Land), 116 B.R. 798, 806 (D.Kansas 1990) (quoting from Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In HALEY, LAND WEST, INC. v. COLDWELL BANKER COMMERCIAL GROUP, INC., 950 F.2d 588 (9th Cir. 1991)

. . . King et al., Collier on Bankruptcy § 327.02, at 327-9 (15th ed. 1991) (“The services for which compensation . . .

In HALEY, LAND WEST, INC. v. COLDWELL BANKER COMMERCIAL GROUP, INC., 950 F.2d 588 (9th Cir. 1991)

. . . King et al., Collier on Bankruptcy § 327.02, at 327-9 (15th ed. 1991) (“The services for which compensation . . .

E. MACKENZIE, v. CITY OF ROCKLEDGE, a, 920 F.2d 1554 (11th Cir. 1991)

. . . . § 327.02(30) (West 1989). . . . The court reasoned that because marinas are “arguably storage facilities” under Section 327.02(30) of . . . Because Section 327.02(30) of Florida law defined marinas as storage facilities, the ordinance specifically . . .

In FIRST SECURITY MORTGAGE COMPANY, INC., 117 B.R. 1001 (Bankr. N.D. Okla. 1990)

. . . occasional “officious intermeddler or ... gratuitous volunteer,” 2 Collier on Bankruptcy (15th ed. 1990) ¶ 327.02 . . .

In W. LAND L. W. LAND L. v. FIRST NATIONAL BANK IN ALAMOSA,, 116 B.R. 798 (D. Colo. 1990)

. . . As noted in Collier on Bankruptcy, supra, ¶ 327.02 at 327-7 (footnotes omitted): When there is no compliance . . .

MARQUEZ, v. STATE, 563 So. 2d 152 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1990)

. . . (1) "Vessel homicide” is the killing of a human being by the operation of a vessel as defined in s. 327.02 . . .

In PEOPLES SAVINGS CORPORATION,, 114 B.R. 151 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1990)

. . . volunteer ... even though valuable services were rendered in good faith. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . .

In GRABILL CORP. F. E. I. N. F. E. I. N. F. E. I. N. F. E. I. N. F. E. I. N., 113 B.R. 966 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1990)

. . . volunteer ... even though valuable services were rendered in good faith. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, It 327.02 . . .

In DREXEL BURNHAM LAMBERT GROUP INC., 112 B.R. 584 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1990)

. . . Stern, Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 (15th ed.1989). . . . See In re Johns-Manville Corp., 32 B.R. 728, 732 n. 3 (S.D.N.Y.1983); 2 Collier ¶ 327.02 at pp. 327-28 . . .

STATE v. CORLEY,, 558 So. 2d 187 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1990)

. . . (emphasis added) Under section 327.02(18), Fla.Stat. (1987) “operate” was defined to mean “navigate or . . .

STATE v. KOLACIA,, 558 So. 2d 190 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1990)

. . . (emphasis added) Under section 327.02(18), Fla.Stat. (1987) “operate” was defined to mean “navigate or . . .

In SAYBROOK MANUFACTURING CO. INC. In CLINTON MARINE PRODUCTS, INC. In SERO HOLDINGS, INC. In SERO COMPANY, a k a a k a Ms. a k a Ex, a k a a k a a k a a k a C. J., 108 B.R. 366 (Bankr. M.D. Ga. 1989)

. . . justifiable reliance on another party to prepare the employment application. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In PLATINUM POWER COMPANY, INC., 105 B.R. 381 (Bankr. N.D. Ohio 1989)

. . . Witte, draws the court’s attention to a phrase from 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, para. 327.02 (15th ed.1981 . . .

In CORPORATION d b a O s, 100 B.R. 744 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 1989)

. . . Evangelical Congregational Church, 80 B.R. 706, 709-10 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1987) and 2 COLLIER ON BANKRUPTCY, If 327.02 . . .

In IBBETSON v. U. S. TRUSTEE,, 100 B.R. 548 (D. Kan. 1989)

. . . Without the requisite court approval, there is no right to compensation. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . .

In FLORIDA BRETHREN HOMES, INC. d b a, 92 B.R. 536 (Bankr. S.D. Fla. 1988)

. . . . denied, 396 U.S. 823, 90 S.Ct. 66, 24 L.Ed.2d 74 (1969); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy (15th Ed.1988) ¶ 327.02 . . .

In WESTSIDE CREEK LIMITED PARTNERSHIP,, 93 B.R. 177 (Bankr. E.D. Ark. 1988)

. . . . 388, 391 (D.Minn.1983); In re Glinz, 36 B.R. 17, 18 (Bankr.D.N.D.1983); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . . As stated in 2 Collier on Bankruptcy 11 327.02 at p. 327-7: When there is no compliance with the Code . . . States (In re Laurent Watch Co., Inc.), 539 F.2d 1231, 1232 (9th Cir.1976); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

MATTSON v. STATE OF FLORIDA, 29 Fla. Supp. 2d 111 (Fla. Cir. Ct. 1988)

. . . The argument is that an earlier statutory definition in the same Chapter, § 327.02(18) states that “operate . . .

In DOLA INTERNATIONAL CORP. DOLA INTERNATIONAL CORP. v. A. BORDLEMAY W. Co., 88 B.R. 950 (Bankr. D. Minn. 1988)

. . . appropriate authority under the Code and in accordance with an order of the court. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 . . .

In GREATER POTTSTOWN COMMUNITY CHURCH OF EVANGELICAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH,, 80 B.R. 706 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 1987)

. . . . §§ 1107(a), 327(a); 2 COLLIER ON BANKRUPTCY, II 327.02, at 327-6 to 327-14 (15th ed. 1987). . . .

In B. MILLER, INC., 76 B.R. 621 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1987)

. . . .) § 327.02. . . .

LAND, v. STATE DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 510 So. 2d 606 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1987)

. . . determined that the houseboats in question were excluded from the definition of “boats,” under section 327.02 . . . Floating structures are expressly excluded from the definition of the term “vessel” provided in § 327.02 . . .

In HARGIS,, 73 B.R. 622 (Bankr. N.D. Tex. 1987)

. . . In re Lewis, 30 B.R. 404 (Bankr.E.D.Pa.1983); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, para. 327.02 (15th ed. 1986). . . .

In N. CRISP, A., 64 B.R. 351 (Bankr. W.D. Mo. 1986)

. . . See 2 Collier on Bankruptcy Para. 327.02, p. 327-6 (15th ed. 1986). . . . .

In F. D. SAYEGH,, 62 B.R. 601 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 1986)

. . . See also, Collier on Bankruptcy, Case Administration, § 327.02. VI. . . .

In FOUNTAIN BAY MINING COMPANY, INC., 46 B.R. 122 (Bankr. W.D. Va. 1985)

. . . See In re First Federal Corp., 43 B.R. 388 (Bankr.W.D.Va.1984); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy (15th ed.), 327.02 . . .

In CAROLINA SALES CORPORATION, ID, 45 B.R. 750 (Bankr. E.D.N.C. 1985)

. . . . ¶ 327.02, at 327-6. See, e.g., In re Morton Shoe Companies, Inc., 22 B.R. 449, 450-51 (Bankr.D. . . .

UNITED STATES R. KRAFT, v. AETNA CASUALTY SURETY COMPANY A., 43 B.R. 119 (M.D. Tenn. 1984)

. . . See generally 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 (15th Ed.1982). . . .

In PATHWAY, INC., 41 B.R. 400 (Bankr. D. Haw. 1984)

. . . . § 328; 2 Collier on Bankruptcy 327.02 (15th ed. 1981); In re Morton Shoe Companies, Ltd., 22 B.R. 449 . . .

In MALDEN MILLS, INC., 42 B.R. 476 (Bankr. D. Mass. 1984)

. . . . § 328; 2 Collier on Bankruptcy Para 327.02 (15th ed. 1981); In re J.M. . . .

In CENTURY FOODS, INC., 39 B.R. 602 (Bankr. M.D. Pa. 1984)

. . . See 3 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 fn. 7. . . .

In CENTURY MACHINE TOOLS, INC., 37 B.R. 811 (Bankr. S.D. Fla. 1984)

. . . .) ¶ 327.02 n. 3. . . .

In R. CALL, 36 B.R. 374 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1984)

. . . See also, Colliers on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02 (1983). . . .

In LADYCLIFF COLLEGE,, 35 B.R. 111 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1983)

. . . .) ¶ 327.02 at 327-7. . . .

In WHET, INC., 33 B.R. 443 (Bankr. D. Mass. 1983)

. . . .1978); In re American Express Warehousing, Ltd., 525 F.2d 1012 (2nd Cir.1975); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy 327.02 . . .

In NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY, a NEFCO,, 33 B.R. 413 (Bankr. W.D. Wash. 1983)

. . . volunteer ... even though valuable services were rendered in good faith.” 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . . See generally 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 at 327-7 (15th ed. 1982) (doubting propriety of nunc pro . . .

In AMERICAN TRAWLER CORPORATION, AT, 24 B.R. 505 (Bankr. D. Me. 1982)

. . . Companies, Inc., 22 B.R. 449, 450, 9 B.C.D. 654, 654-55 (Bkrtcy.D.Mass.1982); 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In RENE PRESS, INC., 23 B.R. 381 (Bankr. D. Mass. 1982)

. . . no compliance with the Code or rules, there is no right to compensation.” 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In MORTON SHOE COMPANIES, INC., 22 B.R. 449 (Bankr. D. Mass. 1982)

. . . . § 328; 2 Colliery on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 (15th ed. 1981); In re Futuronics Corp., 655 F.2d 463 (2nd . . . In re Garland Corp., supra; 2 Collier on Bankruptcy, ¶ 327.02, supra. See Becker v. . . .

In WFDR, INC., 22 B.R. 266 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 1982)

. . . appropriate authority under the Code and in accordance with an order of the court.” 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In THIBODEAU L., 20 B.R. 107 (Bankr. D. Me. 1982)

. . . any compensation even though valuable services were rendered in good faith. 2 Collier on Bankruptcy ¶ 327.02 . . .

In KING ELECTRIC COMPANY, INCORPORATED, 19 B.R. 660 (E.D. Va. 1982)

. . . In the amicus brief filed by the United States Trustee, the Trustee cites, Collier on Bankruptcy, § 327.02 . . .

SCHUTT CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. GENOA, WISCONSIN, FOR ITSELF AND ON BEHALF OF ITS SUBCONTRACTOR YELLOW PINE LUMBER COMPANY, CHIPLEY, FLORIDA, AND SAID SUBCONTRACTOR S SUCCESSOR, TRI- STATES CONTRACTING COMPANY, INC. CHIPLEY, FLORIDA v. THE UNITED STATES, 173 Ct. Cl. 836 (Ct. Cl. 1965)

. . . Bids over the average were $277.93 per acre, $327.02 per acre, and $343.71 per acre. . . .