The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLVI
CRIMES

Chapter 877
MISCELLANEOUS CRIMES

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CHAPTER 877

MISCELLANEOUS CRIMES

877.01 Instigation of litigation; penalty.

877.02 Solicitation of legal services or retainers therefor; penalty.

877.03 Breach of the peace; disorderly conduct.

877.05 Killing young veal for sale; penalty; exception.

877.06 Labeling of beef not slaughtered according to state or United States standards; enforcement; penalty.

877.061 Marketing establishments; maintenance of scales.

877.08 Coin-operated vending machines and parking meters; defined; prohibited acts, penalties.

877.09 Tampering with or damaging sewer systems.

877.10 Real property; dual contracts prohibited.

877.101 Escrow business by unauthorized persons; use of name.

877.111 Inhalation, ingestion, possession, sale, purchase, or transfer of harmful chemical substances; penalties.

877.13 Educational institutions or school boards; penalty for disruption.

877.14 Merchandising of dogs; required records; penalty for violation.

877.15 Failure to control or report dangerous fire.

877.155 Report of initial treatment of burn injuries; penalty for failure to report.

877.16 Exhibition of deformed animals prohibited; penalty.

877.17 Works to be submitted by students without substantial alteration.

877.18 Identification card or document purporting to contain applicant’s age or date of birth; penalties for failure to comply with requirements for sale or issuance.

877.19 Hate Crimes Reporting Act.

877.20 Local juvenile curfew ordinances; legislative intent.

877.21 Definitions; ss. 877.20-877.25.

877.22 Minors prohibited in public places and establishments during certain hours; penalty; procedure.

877.23 Legal duty of parent; penalty.

877.24 Nonapplication of s. 877.22.

877.25 Local ordinance required; effect.

877.26 Direct observation, videotaping, or visual surveillance of customers in merchant’s dressing room, etc., prohibited; penalties.

877.27 Unauthorized transmissions to, or interference with, a public or commercial radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission prohibited; penalties.

877.01 Instigation of litigation; penalty.—

(1) Whoever gives, promises, offers or conspires to give, promise, or offer, to anyone any bribe, money, goods, presents, reward, or any valuable thing whatsoever with the intent and purpose of stirring up strife and litigation; or with intent and purpose of assisting, seeking out, influencing, or advising the accused, sick, injured, uninformed, or others to bring suit or seek professional legal services or advice, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2) Whoever, in any way, solicits, receives or accepts or agrees to receive or accept, or who conspires to receive or accept, any bribe, money, goods, presents, reward, or any valuable thing whatsoever, or any promise, contract, or agreement whatsoever, with the intent and purpose of stirring up strife and litigation; or with the intent or purpose of seeking out, influencing, assisting, or advising the accused, sick, injured, uninformed, or others to bring suit, or seek professional legal services, counsel, or advice, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(3) Any person violating the provisions of this section shall not be privileged from testifying, but if the person does testify in response to a subpoena issued by the state attorney or court having jurisdiction of such offense, nothing said by the person in his or her testimony shall be admissible in any civil or criminal action against him or her, nor shall the person be subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any such testimony or evidence so given or produced.

(4) Nothing herein shall apply to the division of legal fees by and between attorneys at law.

(5) This section shall be taken to be cumulative and shall not be construed to amend or repeal any other valid law, code, ordinance, rule, or penalty now in effect.

History.—ss. 1-5, ch. 59-381; s. 1145, ch. 71-136; s. 34, ch. 73-334; s. 1424, ch. 97-102.

877.02 Solicitation of legal services or retainers therefor; penalty.—

(1) It shall be unlawful for any person or her or his agent, employee or any person acting on her or his behalf, to solicit or procure through solicitation either directly or indirectly legal business, or to solicit or procure through solicitation a retainer, written or oral, or any agreement authorizing an attorney to perform or render legal service, or to make it a business to solicit or procure such business, retainers or agreements; provided, however, that nothing herein shall prohibit or be applicable to banks, trust companies, lawyer reference services, legal aid associations, lay collection agencies, railroad companies, insurance companies and agencies, and real estate companies and agencies, in the conduct of their lawful businesses, and in connection therewith and incidental thereto forwarding legal matters to attorneys at law when such forwarding is authorized by the customers or clients of said businesses and is done pursuant to the canons of legal ethics as pronounced by the Supreme Court of Florida.

(2) It shall be unlawful for any person in the employ of or in any capacity attached to any hospital, sanitarium, police department, wrecker service or garage, prison or court, for a person authorized to furnish bail bonds, investigators, photographers, insurance or public adjusters, or for a general or other contractor as defined in s. 489.105 or other business providing sinkhole remediation services, to communicate directly or indirectly with any attorney or person acting on said attorney’s behalf for the purpose of aiding, assisting, or abetting such attorney in the solicitation of legal business or the procurement through solicitation of a retainer, written or oral, or any agreement authorizing the attorney to perform or render legal services.

(3) Any person violating any provision of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(4) This section shall be taken to be cumulative and shall not be construed to amend or repeal any other valid law, code, ordinance, rule, or penalty now in effect.

History.—ss. 1-4, ch. 59-391; s. 1146, ch. 71-136; s. 1425, ch. 97-102; s. 37, ch. 2006-12.

877.03 Breach of the peace; disorderly conduct.—Whoever commits such acts as are of a nature to corrupt the public morals, or outrage the sense of public decency, or affect the peace and quiet of persons who may witness them, or engages in brawling or fighting, or engages in such conduct as to constitute a breach of the peace or disorderly conduct, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 59-325; s. 1147, ch. 71-136; s. 2, ch. 86-174.

877.05 Killing young veal for sale; penalty; exception.—Whoever kills or causes to be killed for the purpose of sale, any calf less than 4 weeks old, and knowingly sells, or has in his or her possession with intent to sell, the meat of any calf killed when less than 4 weeks old, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.083. This section shall not apply to calves slaughtered on the premises of meat packing or slaughtering establishments operating under state or federal meat inspection supervision.

History.—s. 2, ch. 1637, 1868; RS 2661; GS 3590; RGS 5519; CGL 7684; s. 1, ch. 59-150; s. 1149, ch. 71-136; s. 1427, ch. 97-102.

Note.—Former s. 585.42.

877.06 Labeling of beef not slaughtered according to state or United States standards; enforcement; penalty.—

(1) Every person, firm, or corporation operating a restaurant or any other eating place, or retail or wholesale market or packinghouse, in this state, and who sells beef that has not been slaughtered and inspected according to standards established by either the Government of Florida or of the United States, shall mark, stamp, or describe the same by the following words, “slaughtered in” followed by the name of the state or country and the words “has not been slaughtered and inspected according to federal or state standards.”

(2)(a) Packinghouses and wholesale and retail meat markets before sale of beef which is within the purview of subsection (1) shall plainly stamp on each carcass, each carton, each can, and each container, the words prescribed in subsection (1) and all advertising as to the sale of such beef shall include such words; provided, however, that a conspicuous sign containing the words prescribed in subsection (1) visibly displayed near the display of such beef in retail markets may be used when the stamping of individual cuts of beef is impractical.

(b) It shall be the duty of the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services through its agents or inspectors to enforce the provisions of this subsection.

(3)(a) Restaurants or other eating places advertising their meals or food, by menus or otherwise, shall set out plainly in such menus, advertisements or otherwise as to beef coming within the purview of the law the words prescribed in subsection (1).

(b) It shall be the duty of the Division of Hotels and Restaurants of the Department of Business and Professional Regulation through its agents or inspectors to enforce the provisions of this subsection.

(4) Any person willfully and knowingly violating any of the provisions of this section or any person who fails to comply with any of the requirements hereof shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, and each day during which such a violation shall continue, shall be deemed a separate violation and a separate offense.

(5) Nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit the use of additional words in describing the grade, quality, or kind of such beef.

History.—ss. 1-5, ch. 65-29; ss. 14, 16, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1150, ch. 71-136; s. 254, ch. 94-218.

877.061 Marketing establishments; maintenance of scales.—

(1) Any milk plant, meat-processing plant, or any other marketing establishment which purchases dairy and agricultural products directly from the producer, his or her agent or employee on the basis of the weight of the product shall maintain scales in a location in the plant or other marketing establishment where the seller-producer and purchaser or their agent shall have the right and opportunity to attest to the weight thereof.

(2) The Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services shall designate agents to inspect such scales as often as it deems practical and necessary.

(3) Any person who willfully and knowingly violates the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 67-119; ss. 14, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1151, ch. 71-136; s. 1428, ch. 97-102.

877.08 Coin-operated vending machines and parking meters; defined; prohibited acts, penalties.—

(1) A “coin-operated vending machine” or “parking meter,” for the purposes of this act, is defined to be any machine, contrivance, or device that is adapted for use in such a way that, as the result of the insertion of any piece of money, coin, or other object, the machine, contrivance, parking meter, or device is caused to operate or may be operated and by reason of such operation the user may become entitled to receive any food, drink, telephone or telegraph service, insurance protection, parking privilege or any other personal property, service, protection, right or privilege of any kind or nature whatsoever.

(2) Whoever maliciously or mischievously molests, opens, breaks, injures, damages, or inserts any part of her or his body or any instrument into any coin-operated vending machine or parking meter of another, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(3) Whoever molests, opens, breaks, injures, damages, or inserts any part of her or his body or any instrument into any coin-operated vending machine or parking meter of another with intent to commit larceny is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(4) Whoever violates subsection (3) a second or subsequent time commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 65-165; s. 1153, ch. 71-136; s. 1429, ch. 97-102; s. 16, ch. 2013-25.

877.09 Tampering with or damaging sewer systems.—

(1) Whoever willfully or fraudulently, without the consent of any person, firm, or corporation or lessee, trustee, or receiver owning, leasing, operating, or managing any sewer system, shall tap, make or cause to be made any connection with, injure or knowingly to suffer to be injured, tamper or meddle with, plug or in any way hinder, use without authorization, or interfere with any lines, mains, pipes, laterals, collectors, connections, interceptors, manholes, appliances, or appurtenances used for or in connection with any sewer system and belonging to such person, firm, or corporation or lessee, trustee, or receiver, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2) The existence of any tap, connection to, unauthorized use of, or interference with any line, main, pipe, lateral, collector, connection, interceptor, or other appliance or appurtenance used for or in connection with any sewer system and belonging to any person, firm, or corporation or lessee, trustee, or receiver owning, leasing, operating, or managing any sewer system shall be prima facie evidence of intent to violate this law by the person receiving the direct benefit from such tap, connection, or interference.

History.—ss. 1, 2, ch. 65-232; s. 1154, ch. 71-136.

877.10 Real property; dual contracts prohibited.—

(1) It is unlawful for any person to knowingly make, issue, deliver, or receive dual contracts for the purchase or sale of real property. Dual contracts, either written or oral, are two contracts concerning the same parcel of real property, one of which states the true and actual purchase price and one of which states a purchase price in excess of the true and actual purchase price and is used as an inducement for mortgage investors to make a loan commitment on such real property in reliance upon the stated inflated value.

(2) Any violation of this section is a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 65-531; s. 1155, ch. 71-136.

877.101 Escrow business by unauthorized persons; use of name.—

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), in connection with the purchase and sale of real property, a person may not:

(a) Transact business under any name or title that contains the word “escrow” or words of similar import; or

(b)1. Use any name, word, sign, symbol, or device in any context or in any manner; or

2. Circulate or use any letterhead, billhead, circular, paper, or writing of any kind or otherwise advertise or represent in any manner

that indicates or reasonably implies that the business being conducted or advertised is the kind or character of business transacted that is regulated by this state as an escrow agent.

(2) This section does not apply to:

(a) A financial institution as defined in s. 655.005;

(b) An attorney who is a member of The Florida Bar or his or her law firm;

(d) A title insurance agent who is licensed pursuant to s. 626.8417, a title insurance agency that is licensed pursuant to s. 626.8418, or a title insurer who is authorized to transact business in this state pursuant to s. 624.401.

(3) Any person aggrieved by a violation of this section may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain a declaratory judgment that an act or practice violates this section.

(4) In any action brought by a person who has suffered a loss as a result of a violation of this section, such person may recover actual damages, plus attorney’s fees and court costs.

(5) Any person who willfully violates this section commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2008-200; s. 111, ch. 2013-15.

877.111 Inhalation, ingestion, possession, sale, purchase, or transfer of harmful chemical substances; penalties.—

(1) It is unlawful for any person to inhale or ingest, or to possess with intent to breathe, inhale, or drink, any compound, liquid, or chemical containing toluol, hexane, trichloroethylene, acetone, toluene, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, trichloroethane, isopropanol, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, cyclohexanone, nitrous oxide, diethyl ether, alkyl nitrites (butyl nitrite), or any similar substance for the purpose of inducing a condition of intoxication or which distorts or disturbs the auditory, visual, or mental processes. This section does not apply to the possession and use of these substances as part of the care or treatment of a disease or injury by a practitioner licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, part I of chapter 464, or chapter 466 or to beverages controlled by the provisions of chapter 561, chapter 562, chapter 563, chapter 564, or chapter 565.

(2) It is unlawful for any person to possess, buy, sell, or otherwise transfer any chemical substance specified in subsection (1) for the purpose of inducing or aiding any other person to violate the provisions of subsection (1).

(3) Except as provided in subsection (4) with respect to nitrous oxide, any person who violates subsection (1) or subsection (2) commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(4) Any person who knowingly distributes, sells, purchases, transfers, or possesses more than 16 grams of nitrous oxide commits a felony of the third degree which shall be known as unlawful distribution of nitrous oxide, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. For purposes of this subsection, in addition to proving by any other means that nitrous oxide was knowingly possessed, distributed, sold, purchased, or transferred, proof that any person discharged, or aided another in discharging, nitrous oxide to inflate a balloon or any other object suitable for subsequent inhalation creates an inference of the person’s knowledge that the nitrous oxide’s use was for an unlawful purpose. This subsection does not apply to the possession and use of nitrous oxide as part of the care and treatment of a disease or injury by a practitioner licensed under chapter 458, chapter 459, chapter 464, chapter 466, or chapter 474; as a food processing propellant; as a semiconductor oxidizer; as an analytical chemistry oxidizer in atomic absorption spectrometry; in the production of chemicals used to inflate airbags; as an oxidizer for chemical production, combustion, or jet propulsion; or as a motor vehicle induction additive when mixed with sulphur dioxide.

(5) Any person who violates any of the provisions of this section may, in the discretion of the trial judge, be required to participate in a substance abuse services program approved or regulated by the Department of Children and Families pursuant to the provisions of chapter 397, provided the director of the program approves the placement of the defendant in the program. Such required participation may be imposed in addition to, or in lieu of, any penalty or probation otherwise prescribed by law. However, the total time of such penalty, probation, and program participation shall not exceed the maximum length of sentence possible for the offense.

History.—s. 1, ch. 83-187; s. 39, ch. 93-39; s. 299, ch. 99-8; s. 1, ch. 2000-116; s. 146, ch. 2000-318; s. 4, ch. 2001-57; s. 304, ch. 2014-19.

877.13 Educational institutions or school boards; penalty for disruption.—

(1) It is unlawful for any person:

(a) Knowingly to disrupt or interfere with the lawful administration or functions of any educational institution, school board, or activity on school board property in this state.

(b) Knowingly to advise, counsel, or instruct any school pupil or school employee to disrupt any school or school board function, activity on school board property, or classroom.

(d) To conspire to riot or to engage in any school campus or school function disruption or disturbance which interferes with the educational processes or with the orderly conduct of a school campus, school, or school board function or activity on school board property.

(2) This section shall apply to all educational institutions, school boards, and functions or activities on school board property; however, nothing herein shall deny public employees the opportunity to exercise their rights pursuant to part II of chapter 447.

(3) Any person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 69-274; s. 1158, ch. 71-136; s. 1, ch. 73-177; s. 1, ch. 87-277.

877.14 Merchandising of dogs; required records; penalty for violation.—

(1) Every person engaged in the business of selling dogs shall keep a complete and true record of all transactions, showing the date of transaction and the name and address of the person from whom each dog was purchased or otherwise obtained and to whom it was sold. The record also should show a sufficient description of the dog such as breed, sex, color, markings, and distinguishing features. The record shall at all times be subject to the inspection of all police and peace officers.

(2) Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—ss. 1, 2, ch. 69-285; s. 1159, ch. 71-136.

877.15 Failure to control or report dangerous fire.—Any person who knows, or has reasonable grounds to believe, that a fire is endangering the life or property of another, and who fails to take reasonable measures to put out or control the fire when the person can do so without substantial risk to himself or herself, or who fails to give a prompt fire alarm, is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, if:

(1) The person knows that he or she is under an official, contractual, or other legal duty to control or combat the fire; or

(2) The fire was started lawfully by the person or with his or her assent and was started on property in his or her custody or control.

History.—s. 3, ch. 79-108; s. 220, ch. 91-224; s. 1430, ch. 97-102.

877.155 Report of initial treatment of burn injuries; penalty for failure to report.—

(1) Any person who initially treats or is requested to treat a person with second-degree or third-degree burn injuries affecting 10 percent or more of the surface area of his or her body shall immediately report such treatment to the local sheriff’s department if the treating person determines that the burns were caused by a flammable substance and if the treating person suspects the injury is a result of violence or unlawful activity. The report shall state the name and address of the injured person and the extent of his or her injuries. This section does not apply to burn injuries received by a member of the armed forces, or by a governmental employee, engaged in the performance of his or her duties.

(2) Any person who willfully fails to make the report required by subsection (1) is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 87-219; s. 221, ch. 91-224; s. 1431, ch. 97-102.

877.16 Exhibition of deformed animals prohibited; penalty.—Whoever shall exhibit for pay or compensation any crippled or physically distorted, malformed, or disfigured beast, bird, or animal in any circus, show, or similar place, or any other place to which an admission fee is charged, whoever knowingly advertises or knowingly causes to be advertised any such exhibition, and whoever solicits or procures the attendance of others at such exhibition with knowledge of the nature thereof, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 2, ch. 8524, 1921; CGL 7674; s. 1124, ch. 71-136.

Note.—Former s. 867.02.

877.17 Works to be submitted by students without substantial alteration.—

(1) It shall be unlawful for any person or business entity to sell, offer to sell, or advertise for sale any term paper, thesis, dissertation, essay, or report or any written, recorded, pictorial, artistic, or other assignment which the seller or advertiser knew or reasonably should have known was intended for submission by a student, unaltered to any substantial degree, in fulfillment of the requirements for a degree, diploma, certificate, or course of study at a university, college, academy, school, or other educational institution in the state.

(2) This section shall not prevent any person or educational institution from providing tutorial assistance, research material, information, or courses in research or writing unless this service includes the preparation, research, or writing of a report or paper as outlined in subsection (1). No person shall be prevented by this section from selling or offering to sell services which include the typing, assembling, transcription, reproduction, or editing of a manuscript or other assignment prepared by the purchaser.

(3) Any person violating the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 19, ch. 80-295; s. 4, ch. 80-378; s. 222, ch. 91-224.

877.18 Identification card or document purporting to contain applicant’s age or date of birth; penalties for failure to comply with requirements for sale or issuance.—

(1) It is unlawful for any person, except a governmental agency or instrumentality, to sell or issue, or to offer to sell or issue, in this state any identification card or document purporting to contain the age or date of birth of the person in whose name it was issued, unless:

(a) Prior to selling or issuing such card or document, the person has first obtained from the applicant and retains for a period of 3 years from the date of sale:

1. An authenticated or certified copy of proof of age as provided in s. 1003.21(4); and

2. A notarized affidavit from the applicant attesting to the applicant’s age and that the proof-of-age document required by subparagraph 1. is for such applicant.

(b) Prior to offering to sell such cards in this state, the person has included in any offer for sale of identification cards or documents that such cards cannot be sold or issued without the applicants’ first submitting the documents required by paragraph (a).

(c) The identification card or document contains the business name and street address of the person selling or issuing such card or document.

(2) For the purposes of this section, the term “offer to sell” includes every inducement, solicitation, attempt, or printed or media advertisement to encourage a person to purchase an identification card.

(3) All records required to be maintained by this section shall be available for inspection without warrant upon reasonable demand by any law enforcement officer, including, but not limited to, a state attorney investigator or an investigator for the Division of Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco.

(4) A person who violates the provisions of this section is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. The failure to produce the documents required by subsection (1), upon lawful request therefor, is prima facie evidence of a violation of this section.

(5) The state attorney for any county in which a violation of this section occurs or the Attorney General may enjoin any sale or offer for sale in violation of this section by temporary and permanent injunction by application to any court of competent jurisdiction.

History.—s. 8, ch. 84-297; s. 1040, ch. 2002-387.

877.19 Hate Crimes Reporting Act.—

(1) SHORT TITLE.—This section may be cited as the “Hate Crimes Reporting Act.”

(2) ACQUISITION AND PUBLICATION OF DATA.—The Governor, through the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, shall collect and disseminate data on incidents of criminal acts that evidence prejudice based on race, religion, ethnicity, color, ancestry, sexual orientation, or national origin. All law enforcement agencies shall report monthly to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement concerning such offenses in such form and in such manner as prescribed by rules adopted by the department. Such information shall be compiled by the department and disseminated upon request to any local law enforcement agency, unit of local government, or state agency.

(3) LIMITATION ON USE AND CONTENT OF DATA.—Such information is confidential and exempt from s. 119.07(1). Data required pursuant to this section shall be used only for research or statistical purposes and shall not include any information that may reveal the identity of an individual victim of a crime.

(4) ANNUAL SUMMARY.—The Attorney General shall publish an annual summary of the data required pursuant to this section.

History.—s. 1, ch. 89-132; s. 2, ch. 91-83; s. 1, ch. 94-125; s. 432, ch. 96-406.

877.20 Local juvenile curfew ordinances; legislative intent.—It is the intent of the Legislature to protect minors in this state from harm and victimization, to promote the safety and well-being of minors in this state, to reduce the crime and violence committed by minors in this state, and to provide counties and municipalities with the option of adopting a local juvenile curfew ordinance by incorporating by reference the provisions of ss. 877.20-877.25.

History.—s. 82, ch. 94-209.

877.21 Definitions; ss. 877.20-877.25.—As used in ss. 877.20-877.25, the term:

(1) “Emergency” means an unforeseen combination of circumstances which results in a situation that requires immediate attention to care for or prevent serious bodily injury, loss of life, or significant property loss. The term includes, but is not limited to, a fire, a natural disaster, or an automobile accident.

(2) “Establishment” means a privately owned place of business to which the public is invited, including, but not limited to, a place of amusement or a place of entertainment.

(3) “Minor” means any person under 16 years of age.

(4) “Parent” means a person who has legal custody of a minor as a:

(a) Natural or adoptive parent.

(b) Legal guardian.

(d) Person who has legal custody of the minor by order of the court.

(5) “Public place” means a place to which the public has access, including, but not limited to, streets, highways, public parks, and the common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment houses, office buildings, transportation facilities, and shops.

(6) “Remain” means to stay unnecessarily in a particular place.

History.—s. 83, ch. 94-209.

877.22 Minors prohibited in public places and establishments during certain hours; penalty; procedure.—

(1)(a) A minor may not be or remain in a public place or establishment between the hours of 11:00 p.m. and 5:00 a.m. of the following day, Sunday through Thursday, except in the case of a legal holiday.

(b) A minor may not be or remain in a public place or establishment between the hours of 12:01 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. on Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays.

(2) A minor who has been suspended or expelled from school may not be or remain in a public place, in an establishment, or within 1,000 feet of a school during the hours of 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. during any school day.

(3) A minor who violates this section shall receive a written warning for her or his first violation. A minor who violates this section after having received a prior written warning is guilty of a civil infraction and shall pay a fine of $50 for each violation.

(4) If a minor violates a curfew and is taken into custody, the minor shall be transported immediately to a police station or to a facility operated by a religious, charitable, or civic organization that conducts a curfew program in cooperation with a local law enforcement agency. After recording pertinent information about the minor, the law enforcement agency shall attempt to contact the parent of the minor and, if successful, shall request that the parent take custody of the minor and shall release the minor to the parent. If the law enforcement agency is not able to contact the minor’s parent within 2 hours after the minor is taken into custody, or if the parent refuses to take custody of the minor, the law enforcement agency may transport the minor to her or his residence or proceed as authorized under part IV of chapter 39.

History.—s. 84, ch. 94-209; s. 1432, ch. 97-102; s. 52, ch. 98-280; s. 17, ch. 2010-117; s. 51, ch. 2011-213.

877.23 Legal duty of parent; penalty.—

(1) The parent of a minor has a legal duty and responsibility to ensure that the minor does not violate s. 877.22(1).

(2) The parent of a minor has a legal duty and responsibility to personally supervise, or arrange for a responsible adult to supervise, the minor so that the minor does not violate s. 877.22(2).

(3) The parent of a minor who knowingly permits the minor to violate s. 877.22(1) or (2) shall receive a written warning for a first violation. A parent who knowingly permits the minor to violate s. 877.22(1) or (2) after having received a prior written warning is guilty of a civil infraction and shall pay a fine of $50 for each violation.

History.—s. 85, ch. 94-209.

877.24 Nonapplication of s. 877.22.—Section 877.22 does not apply to a minor who is:

(1) Accompanied by his or her parent or by another adult authorized by the minor’s parent to have custody of the minor.

(2) Involved in an emergency or engaged, with his or her parent’s permission, in an emergency errand.

(3) Attending or traveling directly to or from an activity that involves the exercise of rights protected under the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.

(4) Going directly to or returning directly from lawful employment, or who is in a public place or establishment in connection with or as required by a business, trade, profession, or occupation in which the minor is lawfully engaged.

(5) Returning directly home from a school-sponsored function, a religious function, or a function sponsored by a civic organization.

(6) On the property of, or on the sidewalk of, the place where the minor resides, or who is on the property or sidewalk of an adult next-door neighbor with that neighbor’s permission.

(7) Engaged in interstate travel or bona fide intrastate travel with the consent of the minor’s parent.

(8) Attending an organized event held at and sponsored by a theme park or entertainment complex as defined in s. 509.013(9).

History.—s. 86, ch. 94-209; s. 1433, ch. 97-102.

877.25 Local ordinance required; effect.—Sections 877.20-877.24 do not apply in a county or municipality unless the governing body of the county or municipality adopts an ordinance that incorporates by reference the provisions of ss. 877.20-877.24. Sections 877.20-877.24 do not preclude county or municipal ordinances regulating the presence of minors in public places and establishments which provide restrictions more stringent or less stringent than the curfew imposed under s. 877.22.

History.—s. 87, ch. 94-209.

877.26 Direct observation, videotaping, or visual surveillance of customers in merchant’s dressing room, etc., prohibited; penalties.—

(1) It is unlawful for any merchant to directly observe or make use of video cameras or other visual surveillance devices to observe or record customers in the merchant’s dressing room, fitting room, changing room, or restroom when such room provides a reasonable expectation of privacy. However, a merchant may directly observe a customer from outside such room if the observation is within the scope of the merchant’s duties and the observation does not otherwise violate s. 810.14 or s. 810.145 or if the customer invites or consents to the presence of the merchant in the room.

(2) As used in this subsection, the term “merchant” means an owner or operator, or the agent, consignee, employee, lessee, or officer of an owner or operator, of any premises or apparatus used for retail purchase or sale of any merchandise.

(3) Any merchant who violates subsection (1) commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 99-262; s. 7, ch. 2004-39.

877.27 Unauthorized transmissions to, or interference with, a public or commercial radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission prohibited; penalties.—

(1) A person may not:

(a) Make, or cause to be made, a radio transmission in this state unless the person obtains a license or an exemption from licensure from the Federal Communications Commission under 47 U.S.C. s. 301, or other applicable federal law or regulation; or

(b) Do any act, whether direct or indirect, to cause an unlicensed radio transmission to, or interference with, a public or commercial radio station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission or to enable the radio transmission or interference to occur.

(2) A person who violates this section commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2004-58.

F.S. 877 on Google Scholar

F.S. 877 on Casetext

Amendments to 877

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 877

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S206.877 - TAX REVENUE - REPEALED 2013-198 - M: F

S877.01 - BRIBE - INSTIGATE LITIGATION - M: F

S877.02 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - SOLICITATION OF LEGAL SERVICES OR RETAINERS - M: F

S877.03 - DISORDERLY CONDUCT - BRAWLING FIGHTING CORRUPT PUBLIC MORAL DECENCY - M: S

S877.03 - DISTURBING PEACE - BREACH OF THE PEACE - M: S

S877.04 - HEALTH-SAFETY - RENUMBERED. SEE REC# 7167 - M: S

S877.05 - FOOD-HEALTH OR SAFETY - KILL UNDERAGE CALF FOR SALE AS VEAL - M: S

S877.06 - FOOD-HEALTH OR SAFETY - FAIL TO LABEL BEEF - M: S

S877.061 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - FAIL TO MAINTAIN SCALES - M: S

S877.08 2 - DAMAGE PROP-CRIM MISCH - MALICIOUSLY MOLEST COIN OPERATED MACHINE - M: S

S877.08 3 - LARC - MOLEST COIN OPR MACHINE WIT LARCENY 1ST OFF - M: S

S877.08 4 - LARC - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7561 - F: T

S877.08 4 - LARC - MOLEST COIN OPR MACHINE WIT LARCENY 2ND SUBSQ - F: T

S877.09 - DAMAGE PROP-CRIM MISCH - TAMPER WITH OR DAMAGE SEWER SYSTEM - M: F

S877.10 - FRAUD - DUAL CONTRACTS FOR REAL PROPERTY - M: S

S877.101 - FRAUD-IMPERSON - MISREPRESENT SELF AS ESCROW AGENT - M: F

S877.111 1 - DANGEROUS DRUGS - INHALE INGEST HARMFUL CHEMICALS - M: S

S877.111 2 - DANGEROUS DRUGS - POSS BUY SELL TRANSFER HARMFUL CHEMICALS - M: S

S877.111 4 - DANGEROUS DRUGS - UNLAWFUL DISTRB NITROUS OXIDE - F: T

S877.112 2 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REPEALED 2021-14 - M: S

S877.112 2 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REPEALED 2021-14 - M: F

S877.112 3 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REPEALED 2021-14 - M: S

S877.112 3 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REPEALED 2021-14 - M: F

S877.13 1a - DISTURBING PEACE - INTERFERE WITH SCHOOL ADMINISTRATION FUNCTIONS - M: S

S877.13 1b - DISTURBING PEACE - ADVISE STUDENT OR EMPLOYEE TO DISRUPT SCHOOL - M: S

S877.13 1c - CONTRIB DELINQ MINOR - INTERFERE WITH MINOR ATTENDANCE OF SCHOOL - M: S

S877.13 1c - PUBLIC PEACE - INTERFERE W ATTEND SCHOOL EMPLOYEE ADULT PUPIL - M: S

S877.13 1c - PUBLIC PEACE - INTERFERE WITH ATTENDANCE OF SCHOOL EMPLOYEE - M: S

S877.13 1d - RIOT - CONSPIRE TO OR INTERFERE W EDUCATION PROCESS - M: S

S877.13 1d - PUBLIC PEACE - CONSPIRE TO DISRUPT EDUCATION PROCESS - M: S

S877.14 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - FAIL TO KEEP RECORDS REGARDING SELLING OF DOGS - M: S

S877.15 - HEALTH-SAFETY - FAIL TO CONTROL OR REPORT DANGEROUS FIRE - M: S

S877.155 - FAILURE REPORT CRIME - FAIL TO REPORT BURN INJURIES - M: F

S877.16 - CONSERVATION-ANIMALS - EXHIBIT DEFORMED ANIMALS - M: S

S877.17 - FRAUD - SELL DISSERTATION TERM PAPER ETC - M: S

S877.18 - FRAUD - SELL OR ISSUE ID CARD DOCUMENT UNLAWFULLY - F: T

S877.26 - INVADE PRIVACY - ILLEGAL VISUAL SURV BY MERCHANT - M: F

S877.27 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - UNAUTH TRANSMIT INTERFERE WITH RADIO STATION - F: T

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . S., at ----, 136 S.Ct., at 2309 (quoting Casey , 505 U.S. at 877, 112 S.Ct. 2791 (plurality opinion)) . . . App. 877, 1373; see id., at 907; Brief for Medical Staff Professionals as Amici Curiae 26; Brief for . . . substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus." 505 U.S. at 877 . . . Id., at 877, 112 S.Ct. 2791. . . . Id. , at 877, 112 S.Ct. 2791 (plurality opinion). . . . Casey , 505 U.S. at 877, 112 S.Ct. 2791 (plurality opinion). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . App. 877. . . . Id. , at 877. . . . App. 877-878. . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 487 F.3d 871, 877 (CA Fed. 2007) )). . . . Id. , at 877 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . PSKS, Inc. , 551 U.S. 877, 925-926, 127 S.Ct. 2705, 168 L.Ed.2d 623 (2007) (BREYER, J., dissenting). . . . PSKS, Inc. , 551 U.S. 877, 899-907, 127 S.Ct. 2705, 168 L.Ed.2d 623 (2007) ; Kisor v. . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 18-877 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

GEBRESELASSIE, v. FRAUENHEIM,, 140 S. Ct. 1125 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-877 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

PETER, v. NANTKWEST, INC., 140 S. Ct. 365 (U.S. 2019)

. . . S., at ----, ----, 139 S.Ct., at 877, 881 (reasoning that the term "costs" in the general federal costs . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 877, is well established as a fundamental right. . . .

UNITED STATES v. TAYLOR, v., 935 F.3d 1279 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Preston , 873 F.3d 877, 881-82 (11th Cir. 2017). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAPTISTE,, 935 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Castaneda-Pozo , 877 F.3d 1249, 1251 (11th Cir. 2017), Baptiste's argument fails. . . .

B. VANZANT v. HILL S PET NUTRITION, INC., 934 F.3d 730 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 877 F.3d 725, 741 (7th Cir. 2017). . . . Toulon , 877 F.3d at 741. . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Malcom , 755 F.3d 870, 877 (10th Cir. 2014). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MERRITT,, 934 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jordan, 877 F.3d 391, 396 (8th Cir. 2017). . . .

LEWIS, v. CITY OF UNION CITY, GEORGIA,, 934 F.3d 1169 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Lewis , 877 F.3d at 1021-22 (Tjoflat, J., dissenting). . . . See Lewis , 877 F.3d at 1022 (Tjoflat, J., dissenting). . . . City of Union City , 877 F.3d 1000, 1021 (11th Cir. 2017) (Tjoflat, J., dissenting), reh'g en banc granted . . .

MENAKER, v. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,, 935 F.3d 20 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Gomez , 877 F.3d 76, 94-95 (2d Cir. 2017) (brackets omitted). See Staub v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. G. WAGUESPACK,, 935 F.3d 322 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d 650, 656 (5th Cir. 2017) (quoting Crawford v. . . .

MAO- MSO RECOVERY II, LLC, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, L., 935 F.3d 573 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Nielsen, 877 F.3d 289, 297 (7th Cir. 2017) (noting that "[a]s a general rule, where a defendant has won . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Vincent , 538 U.S. 634, 640, 123 S.Ct. 1848, 155 L.Ed.2d 877 (2003) (quoting Williams v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Oscar , 877 F.3d 1270, 1286 (11th Cir. 2017) (citing United States v. . . .

GOLDEN v. NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY v., 934 F.3d 302 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Cty. of Middlesex , 379 N.J.Super. 205, 877 A.2d 330, 335 (App. . . .

O DONNELL, v. CAINE WEINER COMPANY, LLC,, 935 F.3d 549 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Forest River, Inc. , 635 F.3d 870, 877 (7th Cir. 2011). . . .

SMITH, OSF v. OSF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM,, 933 F.3d 859 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Catholic Health Initiatives , 877 F.3d 1213 (10th Cir. 2017). . . . Catholic Health Initiatives , 877 F.3d 1213 (10th Cir. 2017) -that no amount of discovery could save . . . Catholic Church, where the plans were administered by internal committees established by the employer. 877 . . .

DAWSON, v. NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION PAC-, 932 F.3d 905 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . B&H Education, Inc. , 877 F.3d 1139, 1148 (9th Cir. 2017). . . . "primary beneficiary test" to evaluate economic reality in the vocational student-employee context. 877 . . .

PAUL G. a BY AND THROUGH STEVE G. v. MONTEREY PENINSULA UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, 933 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . released all claims related to the FAPE denial in a settlement agreement with the school district. 877 . . .

MTD PRODUCTS INC. v. IANCU,, 933 F.3d 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . XL Sys., Inc. , 232 F.3d 877, 880 (Fed. Cir. 2000) ). . . .

BASTARDO- VALE, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 255 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 145 (3d Cir. 2017). . . .

UNITED STATES v. M. SWARTZ,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 199 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Hall , 877 F.3d 676, 685 (6th Cir. 2017) (quoting FED. R. CIV. P. SUPP. R. . . .

FURGESS, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 933 F.3d 285 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Georgia , 546 U.S. 151, 157, 126 S.Ct. 877, 163 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006). 84 F.3d 246 (7th Cir. 1996). . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Butler Area School District, 877 F.3d 125 (3d Cir. 2017), required exhaustion of claims brought under . . . Comm., 877 F.2d 1089, 1095 (1st Cir. 1989) (stating that exhaustion may not be required for review of . . . Dist., 877 F.3d 125, 132 (3rd Cir. 2017) (noting ambiguity about whether Fry's inquiry is claim-specific . . .

WINDRIDGE OF NAPERVILLE CONDOMINIUM ASSOCIATION, v. PHILADELPHIA INDEMNITY INSURANCE COMPANY,, 932 F.3d 1035 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brumit Services, Inc. , 877 F.3d 355, 357 (7th Cir. 2017). . . .

AGUA CALIENTE TRIBE OF CUPE O INDIANS OF PALA RESERVATION, v. SWEENEY, 932 F.3d 1207 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zinke , 877 F.3d 845, 866 (9th Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks omitted) ("The [arbitrary-and-capricious . . .

LUXOTTICA GROUP, S. P. A. a v. AIRPORT MINI MALL, LLC, a d. b. a. LLC, a a. k. a. C. C., 932 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . (internal quotation marks omitted)); see also Restatement (Second) of Torts § 877(c) (Am. . . .

C. S. MCCROSSAN INC. v. FEDERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 932 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 641 N.W.2d 877, 879 (Minn. 2002). . . .

BERGAMATTO, v. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE NYSA ILA PENSION FUND, 933 F.3d 257 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . United Healthcare Servs., Inc. , 877 F.3d 384, 390-91 (8th Cir. 2017) ; Mondry v. Am. Family Mut. . . .

KODIAK OIL GAS USA INC. HRC LLC v. BURR S. EOG S., 932 F.3d 1125 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Laducer , 725 F.3d 877, 882 (8th Cir. 2013), we conclude the balance of the factors favors them. . . .

UNITED STATES v. COLLIER,, 932 F.3d 1067 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Engelmann , 701 F.3d 874, 877 (8th Cir. 2012). . . .

LONGORIA, v. HUNTER EXPRESS, LIMITED, 932 F.3d 360 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Byron Fin. , LLC , 877 F.3d 369, 374 (8th Cir. 2017) ; Jabat, Inc. v. . . .

KNUTSON, v. VILLAGE OF LAKEMOOR,, 932 F.3d 572 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cavazos , 893 F.2d 877, 893 (7th Cir. 1990) (stating the "conservation of resources and administrative . . .

CAESARS ENTERTAINMENT CORPORATION v. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCAL PENSION FUND,, 932 F.3d 91 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Local 17 Iron Workers Pension Fund , 877 F.3d 663, 671-72 (6th Cir. 2017). . . .

UNITED STATES, v. GAUDET,, 933 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Rodriguez-Estrada, 877 F.2d 153, 156 (1st Cir. 1989) ("By design, all evidence is meant to be prejudicial . . .

D. LEISER, v. KLOTH,, 933 F.3d 696 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Liebel , 877 F.3d 346, 353-54 (7th Cir. 2017) (qualified immunity applies on Free Exercise claim where . . .

J. GILLIAM, C. Ad v. SEALEY, E. C. T. A. Sr. C. T. A. WTVD LLC J. C. Ad v. C. T. A. E. C. T. A. Sr. WTVD LLC, 932 F.3d 216 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 877. . . .

GREAT AMERICAN ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY v. WINDERMERE BAPTIST CONFERENCE CENTER, INC., 931 F.3d 771 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Drazic , 877 S.W.2d 140 (Mo. Ct. App. 1994). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GALECKI, v., 932 F.3d 176 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ross , 703 F.3d 856, 877-78 (6th Cir. 2012) (reviewing compulsory process claim for abuse of discretion . . .

CALZONE, v. T. OLSON,, 931 F.3d 722 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rodriguez , 877 S.W.2d 106, 109 (Mo. 1994). . . .

FOROUZAN v. BMW OF NORTH AMERICA, LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 1184 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Co. of Ill. , 953 F.2d 877, 886 (5th Cir. 1992) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. VARGAS- MOLINA,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 809 (E.D. Mich. 2019)

. . . INS , 296 F.3d 871, 877, 884-85 (9th Cir. 2002) (citing Jacinto v. . . .

IN RE HOME DEPOT INC. O v. U. S. A., 931 F.3d 1065 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Preston , 873 F.3d 877, 883 n.5 (11th Cir. 2017) ("Parties can most assuredly waive positions and issues . . .

FACIANE, v. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA,, 931 F.3d 412 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Quality Energy Servs., Inc. , 877 F.3d 621, 627 n.8 (5th Cir. 2017). . . .

PLANNED PARENTHOOD SOUTHWEST OHIO REGION v. DEWINE, 931 F.3d 530 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Planned Parenthood Cincinnati Region , 122 Ohio St.3d 361, 911 N.E.2d 871, 877-79 (2009). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORRALES- VAZQUEZ,, 931 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Aldana , 878 F.3d 877, 880, 882 (9th Cir. 2017) cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 139 S. Ct. 157, 202 L. . . . Aldana , 878 F.3d 877, 880 (9th Cir. 2017), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 139 S. . . .

E. CHAMBERS, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 77 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Univ., 387 F.3d 872, 877, 879 (D.C. . . .

W. EATON, v. PACHECO,, 931 F.3d 1009 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Raemisch , 877 F.3d 1178, 1194 (10th Cir. 2017) (noting that we may affirm district court's ruling on . . . Honeywell Int'l, Inc. , 366 F.3d 869, 877 (10th Cir. 2004) ; cf. also Harvis v. Roadway Exp. . . .

IN RE T. HAMMOUD,, 931 F.3d 1032 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 877. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LINDSAY,, 931 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Woodford , 334 F.3d 862, 877 (9th Cir. 2003) ). . . .

J. UCCARDI, v. LAZER SPOT, INC., 390 F. Supp. 3d 911 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Morningstar, Inc. , 667 F.3d 877, 883 (7th Cir. 2012). . . .

COMMUNICATIONS, INCORPORATED, v. CRAWFORD, v., 930 F.3d 715 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Carlson , 817 F.3d 867, 877 (4th Cir. 2016) ; Reed Elsevier, Inc. ex rel. LexisNexis Div. v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. T. HERMAN,, 930 F.3d 872 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . "based solely on psychological coercion-including the coercion of being held at gun point," ante at 877 . . . Ante at 877. . . .

L. C. v. ALTA LOMA SCHOOL DISTRICT,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 845 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Dist. , 267 F.3d 877, 887-88 (9th Cir. 2001) (noting that courts must defer to the "specialized knowledge . . .

ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. v. PODHORN LLC LLC SLC LLC CLS LLC LCS LLC LLC LLC LLC LLC LP J. U T A LP HSWB, LLC LLC PFWB, LLC LLC LLC LLC LLC MO Re- LLC LLC JCL LLC LP LLC LLC,, 929 F.3d 1028 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Project , 877 F.2d 707, 708 (8th Cir. 1989). . . .

M. RETFALVI, v. UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 600 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Story, Commentaries on the Constitution § 877 (1833)); see also Millard v. . . . See also Story § 877 (rejecting the view that "the bills for establishing the post-office, and the mint . . .

VUGO, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK,, 931 F.3d 42 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . speaker-based commercial speech restrictions are evaluated under Central Hudson ); In re Brunetti , 877 . . .

INC. v. INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY, IGT, DOUBLEDOWN INTERACTIVE LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 828 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 877, 893 (N.D. Ill. 2005) (emphasis added). . . .

INDIVIOR INC. UK RB Rx, LLC, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, S. A. Dr. s UT, USA, UK RB v. LLC,, 930 F.3d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Cellular Commc'ns Equip., LLC , 877 F.3d 1361, 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2017). . . .

S. R. NEHAD K. R. v. N. BROWDER, 929 F.3d 1125 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 877 (questions of fact precluded summary judgment where plaintiff's expert testified that . . .

UNITED STATES v. PETRUK, v., 929 F.3d 952 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson, 848 F.3d 872, 877 (8th Cir. 2017) ), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BULUC,, 930 F.3d 383 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d 650, 661 (5th Cir. 2017) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted . . .

C. COOLEY, v. CALIFORNIA STATEWIDE LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSOCIATION,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 1077 (E.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . AT & T Mobility LLC, 877 F.3d 833, 845 (9th Cir. 2017), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

UNITED STATES v. AFRIYIE,, 929 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Scully , 877 F.3d 464, 476 (2d Cir. 2017). The district court did so here. . . .

BETANSOS, v. P. BARR,, 928 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rptr. 877 (1979) ). . . . Rptr. 877 ). 3. . . .

MALDEN TRANSPORTATION, INC. v. UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC. LLC,, 386 F. Supp. 3d 96 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Seaman, 821 F.2d 871, 877 (1st Cir. 1987), abrogated on other grounds by Jett v. Dallas Indep. Sch. . . .

COLBRUNO, v. KESSLER, a, 928 F.3d 1155 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pickens , 844 F.3d 870, 877 (10th Cir. 2016) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MYERS, 928 F.3d 763 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Winston , 845 F.3d 876, 877 (8th Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JONES, v., 930 F.3d 366 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d 650, 656 (5th Cir. 2017). A. . . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d at 657 (quotation omitted). . . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d at 659. . . . (quoting Kizzee , 877 F.3d at 659 ). . . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d at 659 ; see also United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILKERSON,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 969 (E.D. Tenn. 2019)

. . . Scully , 877 F.3d 464 (2d Cir. 2017) ; United States v. . . . Scully , 877 F.3d at 476. . . . Scully , 877 F.3d at 477. . . .

TD BANK N. A. v. W. HILL, II,, 928 F.3d 259 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dist., 877 F.3d 136, 147 (3d Cir. 2017) )). . . . App'x at 877. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DINKINS,, 928 F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gattis , 877 F.3d 150, 158 (4th Cir. 2017) (applying U.S.S.G. §§ 2K2.1(a)(4)(A) and 4B1.2(a) ). . . . Robertson , 531 S.E.2d at 493 ; see Gattis , 877 F.3d at 158-59 ; cf. State v. . . .

J. NEUBECKER, v. NEW YORK STATE,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 302 (W.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Adegbite , 877 F.2d 174, 178 (2d Cir. 1989) ). . . .

DURAND, v. GOGUEN,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 54 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Vincent , 538 U.S. 634, 634-35, 123 S.Ct. 1848, 155 L.Ed.2d 877 (2003). . . .

BOLTEX MANUFACTURING COMPANY, L. P. v. ULMA PIPING USA CORP., 389 F. Supp. 3d 507 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Becton Dickinson & Co. , 919 F.3d 869, 877 (5th Cir. 2019) (quoting Logan v. . . .

BERNARD M. D. v. INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF INDIANA MEDICAL LICENSING BOARD, 392 F. Supp. 3d 935 (S.D. Ind. 2019)

. . . Id. at 877, 112 S.Ct. 2791 (joint op.). . . . profound respect for the life of the unborn,' " id. at 146, 127 S.Ct. 1610 (quoting Casey , 505 U.S. at 877 . . . be said to be "calculated to inform the woman's free choice, not hinder it[,]" Casey , 505 U.S. at 877 . . .

MENDEZ- GOMEZ, v. P. BARR,, 928 F.3d 728 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gonzales, 419 F.3d 877, 880 (8th Cir. 2005). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GREENE,, 927 F.3d 723 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Graves , 877 F.3d 494, 500 (3d Cir. 2017). . . .

KANE COUNTY, UTAH, v. UNITED STATES, 928 F.3d 877 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zinke , 877 F.3d 1157, 1164 (10th Cir. 2017). . . . Zinke , 877 F.3d at 1164. . . . Zinke , 877 F.3d at 1169 (quoting WildEarth Guardians , 573 F.3d at 996-97 ). . . . Id. at 877, 912. Furthermore, Safe Streets relied on Hollingsworth v. . . . See Zinke , 877 F.3d at 1169 ("[T]he change in the Administration raises the possibility of divergence . . . Zinke , 877 F.3d 1157, 1169 (10th Cir. 2017). . . .

MULLER, v. GOGUEN,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 121 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Vincent , 538 U.S. 634, 634-35, 123 S.Ct. 1848, 155 L.Ed.2d 877 (2003). . . .

UNITED STATES v. WARE, Jr., 385 F. Supp. 3d 529 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Superintendent, SCI Albion , 171 F.3d 877, 893 (3d Cir. 1999) (citing Depree v. . . .

ESTATE OF OSUNA, v. COUNTY OF STANISLAUS, s, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1162 (E.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . hiring or retaining ... arises from the special relationship they had with plaintiff." 53 Cal. 4th at 877 . . .

IANCU, v. BRUNETTI, 139 S. Ct. 2294 (U.S. 2019)

. . . In re Brunetti , 877 F.3d 1330, 1336 (C.A. . . . feelings"; "calling out for condemnation"; "disgraceful"; "offensive"; "disreputable"; or "vulgar." 877 . . . Id., at 488, 108 S.Ct. 2495 ; see also In re Brunetti , 877 F.3d 1330, 1358 (C.A. . . . See In re Brunetti , 877 F.3d 1330, 1355 (C.A. . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 139 S. Ct. 2765 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 18-877. Supreme Court of the United States June 24, 2019. . . .

KLIKNO, v. UNITED STATES v. D. v. v. v. v., 928 F.3d 539 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 877 F.3d 720, 724 (7th Cir. 2017), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 139 S. . . . United States , 877 F.3d 717, 719-20 (7th Cir. 2017) and Shields v. . . .

ACBEL POLYTECH, INC. EMC v. FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR INTERNATIONAL, INC., 928 F.3d 110 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Apr. 7, 2017), aff'd, 877 F.3d 58 (1st Cir. 2017) ). . . . Monsanto Co., 877 F.3d 58, 61-62 (1st Cir. 2017). . . .

DIVA LIMOUSINE, LTD. v. UBER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1074 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Superior Court , 51 Cal. 4th 310, 326 n.9, 120 Cal.Rptr.3d 741, 246 P.3d 877 (2011) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. ORTIZ,, 927 F.3d 868 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Crain , 877 F.3d 637, 645 (5th Cir. 2017) ("To determine whether a defendant's factual basis is sufficient . . .

JOHNSON v. CITY OF FERGUSON, MISSOURI s, 926 F.3d 504 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson, 864 F.3d at 877 (quoting Otey v. Marshall, 121 F.3d 1150, 1155 (8th Cir. 1997) ). . . .

DOE, v. K. MCALEENAN,, 926 F.3d 910 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 877. . . . In Calma we asserted jurisdiction over discrete "procedural step[s]." 663 F.3d at 877 (citing as examples . . .

SILBERMAN, v. MIAMI DADE TRANSIT,, 927 F.3d 1123 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Educ. , 877 F.3d 979, 987 (11th Cir. 2017) ). . . . J.S , 877 F.3d at 987. . . . J.S. , 877 F.3d at 987 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Although the Liese inquiry is "necessarily" "fact-based," J.S. , 877 F.3d at 987, that doesn't mean that . . . See J.S. , 877 F.3d at 987 (stating that "[u]nder Title IX (and, by extension, Title II and § 504 ), . . .

HENDERSON, v. MASSACHUSETTS BAY TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY,, 384 F. Supp. 3d 199 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . City of Quincy, 877 F.3d 14, 23-24 (1st Cir. 2017) ). . . .

BALTIMORE SCRAP CORP. v. EXECUTIVE RISK SPECIALTY INSURANCE CO., 388 F. Supp. 3d 574 (D. Md. 2019)

. . . App'x 877, 879 (4th Cir. 2015). . . .

ZOMM, LLC, v. APPLE INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 946 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Superior Court , 51 Cal.4th 310, 120 Cal.Rptr.3d 741, 246 P.3d 877 (2011). . . .

IN RE GERMAN AUTOMOTIVE MANUFACTURERS ANTITRUST LITIGATION, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1059 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . PSKS, Inc. , 551 U.S. 877, 885, 127 S.Ct. 2705, 168 L.Ed.2d 623 (2007). . . .