The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLVII
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CORRECTIONS

Chapter 900
GENERAL PROVISIONS

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CHAPTER 900

TITLE XLVII

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND CORRECTIONS

CHAPTER 900

GENERAL PROVISIONS

900.01 Title.

900.02 Effective date.

900.03 Courts vested with criminal jurisdiction; process.

900.04 Contempts.

900.05 Criminal justice data collection.

900.01 Title.—Chapters 900-925 may be cited as the “Criminal Procedure Law.”

History.—s. 320, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(333); s. 7, ch. 22858, 1945; s. 1, ch. 70-339.

Note.—Former s. 925.03.

900.02 Effective date.—The Criminal Procedure Law shall become effective at 12:01 a.m., January 1, 1971, and shall govern the procedure in all criminal cases instituted after that time.

History.—s. 321, ch. 19554, 1939; CGL 1940 Supp. 8663(334); s. 1, ch. 70-339.

Note.—Former s. 925.02.

900.03 Courts vested with criminal jurisdiction; process.—

(1) Original jurisdiction in criminal cases is vested in the circuit courts and county courts.

(2) Courts having criminal jurisdiction may issue writs and process necessary to the exercise of the criminal jurisdiction and the writs and process shall have effect through the state.

History.—RS 2792, 2793; GS 3842, 3843; RGS 5937, 5938; CGL 8203, 8204; s. 10, ch. 65-483; s. 2, ch. 70-339; s. 34, ch. 73-334.

Note.—Former ss. 932.01, 932.02.

900.04 Contempts.—Said courts, in the exercise of their criminal jurisdiction may punish for contempts as in the exercise of their civil jurisdiction, and the county courts shall possess, in this respect, the same powers as the circuit courts.

History.—RS 2794; GS 3844; RGS 5939; CGL 8205; s. 3, ch. 70-339; s. 34, ch. 73-334.

Note.—Former s. 932.03.

900.05 Criminal justice data collection.—

(1) LEGISLATIVE FINDINGS AND INTENT.—It is the intent of the Legislature to create a model of uniform criminal justice data collection by requiring local and state criminal justice agencies to report complete, accurate, and timely data, and making such data available to the public. The Legislature finds that it is an important state interest to implement a uniform data collection process and promote criminal justice data transparency.

(2) DEFINITIONS.—As used in this section, the term:

(a) “Annual felony caseload” means the yearly caseload of each full-time state attorney and assistant state attorney, public defender and assistant public defender, or regional conflict counsel and assistant regional conflict counsel for cases assigned to the circuit criminal division, based on the number of felony cases reported to the Supreme Court under s. 25.075. The term does not include the appellate caseload of a public defender, assistant public defender, regional conflict counsel, or assistant regional conflict counsel. Cases reported pursuant to this term must be associated with a case number, and each case number must only be reported once regardless of the number of attorney assignments that occur during the course of litigation. The caseload shall be calculated on June 30 and reported once at the beginning of the reporting agency’s fiscal year.

(b) “Annual felony conflict caseload” means the total number of felony cases the office of the public defender or office of regional conflict counsel has declined or withdrawn from in the previous calendar year due to lack of qualified counsel or due to excessive caseload. The caseload shall be calculated on June 30 and reported once at the beginning of the reporting agency’s fiscal year.

(c) “Annual misdemeanor caseload” means the yearly caseload of each full-time state attorney and assistant state attorney, public defender and assistant public defender, or regional conflict counsel and assistant regional conflict counsel for cases assigned to the county criminal division, based on the number of misdemeanor cases reported to the Supreme Court under s. 25.075. The term does not include the appellate caseload of a public defender, assistant public defender, regional conflict counsel, or assistant regional conflict counsel. Cases reported pursuant to this term must be associated with a case number, and each case number must only be reported once regardless of the number of attorney assignments that occur during the course of litigation. The caseload shall be calculated on June 30 and reported once at the beginning of the reporting agency’s fiscal year.

(d) “Annual misdemeanor conflict caseload” means the total number of misdemeanor cases the office of the public defender or office of regional conflict counsel has declined or withdrawn from in the previous calendar year due to lack of qualified counsel or due to excessive caseload. The caseload shall be calculated on June 30 and reported once at the beginning of the reporting agency’s fiscal year.

(e) “Attorney assignment date” means the date a court-appointed attorney is assigned to the case or, if privately retained, the date an attorney files a notice of appearance with the clerk of court.

(f) “Attorney withdrawal date” means the date the court removes court-appointed counsel from a case or, for a privately retained attorney, the date a motion to withdraw is granted by the court.

(g) “Case number” means the uniform case number assigned by the clerk of court to a criminal case.

(h) “Case status” means whether a case is open, active, inactive, closed, reclosed, or reopened due to a violation of probation or community control.

(i) “Charge description” means the statement of the conduct that is alleged to have been violated, the associated statutory section establishing such conduct as criminal, and the misdemeanor or felony classification that is provided for in the statutory section alleged to have been violated.

(j) “Charge disposition” means the final adjudication for each charged crime, including, but not limited to, dismissal by state attorney, dismissal by judge, acquittal, no contest plea, guilty plea, or guilty finding at trial.

(k) “Charge modifier” means an aggravating circumstance of an alleged crime that enhances or reclassifies a charge to a more serious misdemeanor or felony offense level.

(l) “Concurrent or consecutive sentence flag” means an indication that a defendant is serving another sentence concurrently or consecutively in addition to the sentence for which data is being reported.

(m) “Daily number of correctional officers” means the number of full-time, part-time, and auxiliary correctional officers who are actively providing supervision, protection, care, custody, and control of inmates in a county detention facility or state correctional institution or facility each day.

(n) “Defense attorney type” means whether the attorney is a public defender, regional conflict counsel, or other counsel court-appointed for the defendant; the attorney is privately retained by the defendant; or the defendant is represented pro se.

(o) “Deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion agreement date” means the date an agreement is signed by the parties regarding a defendant’s admission into a deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion program.

(p) “Deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion hearing date” means each date that a hearing, including a status hearing, is held on a case that is in a deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion program, if applicable.

(q) “Disciplinary violation and action” means any conduct performed by an inmate in violation of the rules of a county detention facility or state correctional institution or facility that results in the initiation of disciplinary proceedings by the custodial entity and the consequences of such disciplinary proceedings.

(r) “Disposition date” means the date of final judgment, adjudication, adjudication withheld, dismissal, or nolle prosequi for the case and if different dates apply, the disposition dates of each charge.

(s) “Disposition type” means the manner in which the charge was closed, including final judgment, adjudication, adjudication withheld, dismissal, or nolle prosequi.

(t) “Domestic violence flag” means an indication that a filed charge involves domestic violence as defined in s. 741.28.

(u) “Gang affiliation flag” means an indication that a defendant is involved in or associated with a criminal gang as defined in s. 874.03 at the time of the current offense.

(v) “Gain-time credit earned” means a credit of time awarded to an inmate in a county detention facility in accordance with s. 951.21 or a state correctional institution or facility in accordance with s. 944.275.

(w) “Habitual offender flag” means an indication that a defendant is a habitual felony offender as defined in s. 775.084 or a habitual misdemeanor offender as defined in s. 775.0837.

(x) “Habitual violent felony offender flag” means an indication that a defendant is a habitual violent felony offender as defined in s. 775.084.

(y) “Number of contract attorneys representing indigent defendants for the office of the public defender” means the number of attorneys hired on a temporary basis, by contract, to represent indigent clients who were appointed a public defender, whereby the public defender withdraws from the case due to a conflict of interest.

(z) “Pretrial release violation flag” means an indication that the defendant has violated the terms of his or her pretrial release.

(aa) “Prior incarceration within the state” means any prior history of a defendant’s incarceration in a state correctional institution or facility.

(bb) “Prison releasee reoffender flag” means an indication that the defendant is a prison releasee reoffender as defined in s. 775.082 or any other statute.

(cc) “Sexual offender flag” means an indication that a defendant was required to register as a sexual predator as defined in s. 775.21 or as a sexual offender as defined in s. 943.0435.

(dd) “Tentative release date” means the anticipated date that an inmate will be released from incarceration after the application of adjustments for any gain-time earned or credit for time served.

(ee) “Three-time violent felony offender flag” means an indication that the defendant is a three-time violent felony offender as defined in s. 775.084 or any other statute.

(ff) “Violent career criminal flag” means an indication that the defendant is a violent career criminal as defined in s. 775.084 or any other statute.

(3) DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING.—An entity required to collect data in accordance with this subsection shall collect the specified data and report them in accordance with this subsection to the Department of Law Enforcement on a monthly basis.

(a) Clerk of the court.—Each clerk of court shall collect the following data for each criminal case:

1. Case number.

2. Date that the alleged offense occurred.

3. Date the defendant is taken into physical custody by a law enforcement agency or is issued a notice to appear on a criminal charge.

4. Whether the case originated by notice to appear.

5. Date that the criminal prosecution of a defendant is formally initiated.

6. Arraignment date.

7. Attorney appointment date.

8. Attorney withdrawal date.

9. Case status.

10. Charge disposition.

11. Disposition date and disposition type.

12. Information related to each defendant, including:

a. Identifying information, including name, known aliases, date of birth, race, ethnicity, and gender.

b. Zip code of last known address.

c. Primary language.

d. Citizenship.

e. Immigration status.

f. Whether the defendant has been found to be indigent under s. 27.52.

13. Information related to the charges filed against the defendant, including:

a. Charge description.

b. Charge modifier description and statute, if applicable.

c. Drug type for each drug charge, if known.

d. Qualification for a flag designation as defined in this section, including a domestic violence flag, gang affiliation flag, sexual offender flag, habitual offender flag, habitual violent felony offender flag, pretrial release violation flag, prison releasee reoffender flag, three-time violent felony offender flag, or violent career criminal flag.

14. Information related to bail or bond and pretrial release determinations, including the dates of any such determinations:

a. Pretrial release determination made at a first appearance hearing that occurs within 24 hours of arrest, including any monetary and nonmonetary conditions of release.

b. Modification of bail or bond conditions made by a court having jurisdiction to try the defendant or, in the absence of the judge of the trial court, by the circuit court, including modifications to any monetary and nonmonetary conditions of release.

c. Cash bail or bond payment, including whether the defendant utilized a bond agent to post a surety bond.

d. Date defendant is released on bail, bond, or pretrial release for the current case.

e. Bail or bond revocation due to a new offense, a failure to appear, or a violation of the terms of bail or bond, if applicable.

15. Information related to court dates and dates of motions and appearances, including:

a. Date of any court appearance and the type of proceeding scheduled for each date reported.

b. Date of any failure to appear in court, if applicable.

c. Deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion hearing, if applicable.

d. Each scheduled trial date.

e. Date that a defendant files a notice to participate in discovery.

f. Speedy trial motion date and each hearing date, if applicable.

g. Dismissal motion date and each hearing date, if applicable.

16. Defense attorney type.

17. Information related to sentencing, including:

a. Date that a court enters a sentence against a defendant.

b. Charge sentenced to, including charge sequence number, and charge description.

c. Sentence type and length imposed by the court in the current case, reported in years, months, and days, including, but not limited to, the total duration of incarceration in a county detention facility or state correctional institution or facility, and conditions of probation or community control supervision.

d. Amount of time served in custody by the defendant related to each charge that is credited at the time of disposition of the charge to reduce the imposed length of time the defendant will serve on the term of incarceration that is ordered by the court at disposition.

e. Total amount of court costs imposed by the court at the disposition of the case.

f. Total amount of fines imposed by the court at the disposition of the case.

g. Restitution amount ordered at sentencing.

18. The sentencing judge or magistrate, or their equivalent.

(b) State attorney.—Each state attorney shall collect the following data:

1. Information related to a human victim of a criminal offense, including:

a. Identifying information of the victim, including race, ethnicity, gender, and age at the time of the offense.

b. Relationship to the offender, if any.

2. Number of full-time prosecutors.

3. Number of part-time prosecutors.

4. Annual felony caseload.

5. Annual misdemeanor caseload.

6. Disposition of each referred charge, such as filed, declined, or diverted.

7. Number of cases in which a no-information was filed.

8. Information related to each defendant, including:

a. Each charge referred to the state attorney by a law enforcement agency or sworn complainant related to an episode of criminal activity.

b. Case number, name, and date of birth.

c. Drug type for each drug charge, if applicable.

d. Deferred prosecution or pretrial diversion agreement date, if applicable.

1. Number of full-time public defenders.

2. Number of part-time public defenders.

3. Number of contract attorneys representing indigent defendants for the office of the public defender.

4. Annual felony caseload.

5. Annual felony conflict caseload.

6. Annual misdemeanor caseload.

7. Annual misdemeanor conflict caseload.

(d) County detention facility.—The administrator of each county detention facility shall collect the following data:

1. Maximum capacity for the county detention facility.

2. Weekly admissions to the county detention facility for a revocation of probation or community control.

3. Weekly admissions to the county detention facility for a revocation of pretrial release.

4. Daily population of the county detention facility, including the specific number of inmates in the custody of the county that:

a. Are awaiting case disposition.

b. Have been sentenced by a court to a term of incarceration in the county detention facility.

c. Have been sentenced by a court to a term of imprisonment with the Department of Corrections and who are awaiting transportation to the department.

d. Have a federal detainer, are awaiting disposition of a case in federal court, or are awaiting other federal disposition.

5. Information related to each inmate, including:

a. Identifying information, including name, date of birth, race, ethnicity, gender, case number, and identification number assigned by the county detention facility.

b. Immigration status.

c. Date when an inmate is processed and booked into the county detention facility subsequent to an arrest for a new violation of law, for a violation of probation or community control, or for a violation of pretrial release.

d. Reason why an inmate is processed and booked into the county detention facility, including a new law violation, a violation of probation or community control, or a violation of pretrial release.

e. Qualification for a flag designation as defined in this section, including domestic violence flag, gang affiliation flag, habitual offender flag, habitual violent felony offender flag, pretrial release violation flag, sexual offender flag, prison releasee reoffender flag, three-time violent felony offender flag, or violent career criminal flag.

6. Total population of the county detention facility at year-end. This data must include the same specified classifications as subparagraph 4.

7. Per diem rate for a county detention facility bed.

8. Daily number of correctional officers for the county detention facility.

9. Annual county detention facility budget. This information only needs to be reported once annually at the beginning of the county’s fiscal year.

10. Annual revenue generated for the county from the temporary incarceration of federal defendants or inmates.

(e) Department of Corrections.—The Department of Corrections shall collect the following data:

1. Information related to each inmate, including:

a. Identifying information, including name, date of birth, race, ethnicity, gender, case number, and identification number assigned by the department.

b. Immigration status.

c. Highest education level.

d. Date the inmate was admitted to the custody of the department for his or her current incarceration.

e. Current institution placement and the security level assigned to the institution.

f. Custody level assignment.

g. Qualification for a flag designation as defined in this section, including sexual offender flag, habitual offender flag, habitual violent felony offender flag, prison releasee reoffender flag, three-time violent felony offender flag, violent career criminal flag, gang affiliation flag, or concurrent or consecutive sentence flag.

h. County that committed the prisoner to the custody of the department.

i. Whether the reason for admission to the department is for a new conviction or a violation of probation, community control, or parole. For an admission for a probation, community control, or parole violation, the department shall report whether the violation was technical or based on a new violation of law.

j. Specific statutory citation for which the inmate was committed to the department, including, for an inmate convicted of drug trafficking under s. 893.135, the statutory citation for each specific drug trafficked.

k. Length of sentence served.

l. Length of concurrent or consecutive sentences served.

m. Tentative release date.

n. Gain time earned in accordance with s. 944.275.

o. Prior incarceration within the state.

p. Disciplinary violation and action.

q. Participation in rehabilitative or educational programs while in the custody of the department.

r. Digitized sentencing scoresheet prepared in accordance with s. 921.0024.

2. Information about each state correctional institution or facility, including:

a. Budget for each state correctional institution or facility.

b. Daily prison population of all inmates incarcerated in a state correctional institution or facility.

c. Daily number of correctional officers for each state correctional institution or facility.

3. Information related to persons supervised by the department on probation or community control, including:

a. Identifying information for each person supervised by the department on probation or community control, including his or her name, date of birth, race, ethnicity, gender, case number, and department-assigned case number.

b. Immigration status.

c. Length of probation or community control sentence imposed and amount of time that has been served on such sentence.

d. Projected termination date for probation or community control.

e. Revocation of probation or community control due to a violation, including whether the revocation is due to a technical violation of the conditions of supervision or from the commission of a new law violation.

4. Per diem rates for:

a. Prison bed.

b. Probation.

c. Community control.

This information only needs to be reported once annually at the time the most recent per diem rate is published.

(f) Justice Administrative Commission.—The Justice Administrative Commission shall collect the following data:

1. Number of private registry attorneys representing indigent adult defendants.

2. Annual felony caseload assigned to private registry contract attorneys.

3. Annual misdemeanor caseload assigned to private registry contract attorneys.

(g) Criminal regional conflict counsel.—Each office of criminal regional conflict counsel shall report the following data:

1. Number of full-time assistant regional conflict counsel handling criminal cases.

2. Number of part-time assistant regional conflict counsel handling criminal cases.

3. Number of contract attorneys representing indigent adult defendants.

4. Annual felony caseload.

5. Annual felony caseload assigned to contract attorneys.

6. Annual felony conflict caseload.

7. Annual misdemeanor caseload.

8. Annual misdemeanor caseload assigned to contract attorneys.

9. Annual misdemeanor conflict caseload.

(4) DATA PUBLICLY AVAILABLE.—The Department of Law Enforcement shall publish datasets in its possession in a modern, open, electronic format that is machine-readable and readily accessible by the public on the department’s website. The published data must be searchable, at a minimum, by data elements, county, circuit, and unique identifier. Beginning March 1, 2019, the department shall publish the data received under subsection (3) in the same modern, open, electronic format that is machine-readable and readily accessible to the public on the department’s website. The department shall publish all data received under subsection (3) no later than January 1, 2020, and monthly thereafter.

(5) NONCOMPLIANCE.—Notwithstanding any other law, an entity required to collect and transmit data under subsection (3) which does not comply with the requirements of this section is ineligible to receive funding from the General Appropriations Act, any state grant program administered by the Department of Law Enforcement, or any other state agency for 5 years after the date of noncompliance.

(6) CONFIDENTIALITY.—Information collected by any reporting agency which is confidential and exempt upon collection remains confidential and exempt when reported to the Department of Law Enforcement under this section.

History.—s. 2, ch. 2018-127; s. 108, ch. 2019-3; ss. 46, 126, ch. 2019-167; s. 168, ch. 2020-2; s. 18, ch. 2021-156; s. 1, ch. 2022-193.

F.S. 900 on Google Scholar

F.S. 900 on Casetext

Amendments to 900

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 900

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S900.04 - CONTEMPT OF COURT - - N: N

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Tjemsland , Jenner & Block LLP, 1099 New York Ave., NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC, for Petitioner. . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Connecticut , 310 U.S. 296, 303, 60 S.Ct. 900, 84 L.Ed. 1213 (1940). . . . See id. , at 300-301, 307, 311, 60 S.Ct. 900. . . . Connecticut , 310 U.S. 296, 303, 60 S.Ct. 900, 84 L.Ed. 1213 (1940). . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Nevertheless, she charged each client $5,900 to file an application with the Department of Labor and another $900 . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Massachusetts , 487 U.S. 879, 900-908, 108 S.Ct. 2722, 101 L.Ed.2d 749 (1988). . . . Id. , at 905, 108 S.Ct. 2722 ; see also id. , at 900 n. 31, 108 S.Ct. 2722. . . .

CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, v. FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., 140 S. Ct. 1081 (U.S. 2020)

. . . The vessel was in the final 900-foot stretch of its journey when an abandoned ship anchor in the Delaware . . .

DAVIS v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 1060 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Wells , 163 F.3d 889, 900 (CA4 1998) ; United States v. . . . Durham , 645 F.3d 883, 899-900 (CA7 2011) ; United States v. . . .

VENNIE, v. UNITED STATES., 140 S. Ct. 1126 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-900 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Carpenter, 918 F.3d 895, 900 (10th Cir. 2019). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FITZGERALD,, 935 F.3d 814 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Guizar-Rodriguez , 900 F.3d 1044, 1049 (9th Cir. 2018). . . . Guizar-Rodriguez , 900 F.3d 1044, 1052 (9th Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

RAY, v. COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, v. As, 935 F.3d 703 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gammie , 335 F.3d 889, 900 (9th Cir. 2003). . . .

SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL- DENVER, INC. v. M. AZAR II, U. S., 391 F. Supp. 3d 53 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Sebelius , 611 F.3d 900, 901 n.1 (D.C. . . .

J. MURRAY, M. D. a v. MAYO CLINIC, a M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. M. D. a, 934 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 900. . . .

F. DORMAN, a a v. CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION Co. W. III R. R. C., 934 F.3d 1107 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 900. . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, Sr., 934 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tapaha , 891 F.3d 900, 905 (10th Cir. 2018) (quoting Dowlin , 408 F.3d at 659 ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. HOPPER,, 934 F.3d 740 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . On these occasions, he received about one to two ounces of methamphetamine at a cost of $ 900 to $ 1200 . . . Weir stated that he paid about $ 800 to $ 900 per ounce of methamphetamine. . . .

JANVRIN, J J v. CONTINENTAL RESOURCES, INC., 934 F.3d 845 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sittner, 474 N.W.2d 897, 900 (S.D. 1991). . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Patrick , 519 F.3d 900 (9th Cir. 2008) (again granting habeas relief); Patrick v. . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Muskogee , 900 F.2d 1489, 1502 (10th Cir. 1990) (citing Wilson v. . . . Id. at 590-91, 98 S.Ct. 1991 ; see also Berry , 900 F.2d at 1503 ("[I]t is clear that § 1983 was intended . . . Berry , 900 F.2d at 1504 (emphasis added). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CUEVAS- LOPEZ,, 934 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ponce-Flores , 900 F.3d 215 (5th Cir. 2018), that because any error could not have been obvious, a district . . .

UNITED STATES v. PARKINS,, 935 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Parkins's prior appeal argued that 900 hours of community service over 3 years violated 18 U.S.C. § 3583 . . .

SAM K. v. SAUL,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 874 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 900 F.3d 479, 485 (7th Cir. 2018) ; Schaaf v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Price , 566 F.3d 900, 908-09 (9th Cir. 2009), and sometimes extends to information held by other executive . . .

UNITED STATES v. MERRITT,, 934 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rivera-Constantino, 798 F.3d 900, 903-04 (9th Cir. 2015) (concluding there is no need to ascertain whether . . .

PASSARO, Jr. v. VIRGINIA, 935 F.3d 243 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Aldridge , 900 F.2d 736, 739-40 (4th Cir. 1990) (discussing transactional approach). . . .

FORREST, v. UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 775 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 900 F.3d 1012, 1015 (8th Cir. 2018), cert. denied, No. 18-8125, --- U.S. ----, 139 S.Ct . . . See Walker, 900 F.3d at 1016 (Kelly, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). . . . Walker, 900 F.3d at 1016 (Kelly, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part) (cleaned up). . . . Id. at 1016 ; see also Walker, 900 F.3d at 1014 n.2. . . . Walker, 900 F.3d at 1016 (Kelly, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part). . . .

UNITED STATES v. NORMAN,, 935 F.3d 232 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rivera-Constantino , 798 F.3d 900, 904 (9th Cir. 2015) ; United States v. . . .

WAL- MART STORES, INCORPORATED L. L. C. s v. TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION, 935 F.3d 362 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Paxton , 900 F.3d 233, 244-45 (5th Cir. 2018) (quoting FCC v. . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 564-65, 106 S.Ct. 3088 (internal quotation marks omitted) (citing Blum , 465 U.S. at 898-900, . . . See Blum, 465 U.S. at 898-99, 900, 104 S.Ct. 1541 ; see also Delaware Valley, 478 U.S. at 564-65, 566 . . .

GRAHAM v. ST. LOUIS METROPOLITAN POLICE DEPARTMENT O P. O. K., 933 F.3d 1007 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Doss, 900 F.3d 1017, 1021 (8th Cir. 2018) ). . . . See Berry, 900 F.3d at 1021-22. Accordingly, we dismiss for lack of jurisdiction. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERNANDEZ- MARTINEZ, v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v., 933 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gammie , 335 F.3d 889, 900 (9th Cir. 2003) (holding that the "issues decided by the higher court" are . . .

J. BAUWENS, v. REVCON TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC., 935 F.3d 534 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 900 F.2d 112, 115 (7th Cir. 1990) (emphasis added). . . .

PAUL G. a BY AND THROUGH STEVE G. v. MONTEREY PENINSULA UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, 933 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . because the denial of the student's request for online classes was directly related to the student's IEP. 900 . . .

HARDEMAN, v. CURRAN,, 933 F.3d 816 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cnty. of Lake , 900 F.3d 335, 352 (7th Cir. 2018) (collecting cases). . . . Miranda , 900 F.3d at 351-52 ; see also Gordon v. . . . punishment that may not constitutionally be inflicted upon detainees qua detainees."); see also Miranda , 900 . . . County of Lake , 900 F.3d 335 (7th Cir. 2018), it makes sense as a doctrinal matter to extend Kingsley . . . unreasonableness" standard to a claim that a pretrial detainee received constitutionally inadequate medical care. 900 . . .

ADAM AND EVE JONESBORO, LLC, v. PERRIN, In, 933 F.3d 951 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . In re Kemp , 894 F.3d 900, 909 (8th Cir. 2018). . . .

HILLOCKS, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 332 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Urbina-Fuentes , 900 F.3d 687, 694 (5th Cir. 2018). 570 U.S. at 263, 133 S.Ct. 2276 (quoting Johnson . . .

MARTINEAU, v. WIER, 934 F.3d 385 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pastides , 900 F.3d 160, 175 n.8 (4th Cir. 2018). . . .

STUDDARD, v. SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE, J. I., 934 F.3d 478 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 900-01, 902. . . .

MARTIN, v. MARINEZ,, 934 F.3d 594 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Winstead , 900 F.3d 428 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

COEUR D ALENE TRIBE, a v. W. HAWKS A., 933 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Halderman , 465 U.S. 89, 119, 104 S.Ct. 900, 79 L.Ed.2d 67 (1984) )). . . .

UNITED STATES v. NG LAP SENG, Ng, Ng W. C., 934 F.3d 110 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Crozier , 987 F.2d 893, 900 (2d Cir. 1993) (rejecting vagueness challenge to mens rea requirement of . . .

UNITED STATES v. TREVINO,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 901 (W.D. Mich. 2019)

. . . Dunkel, 900 F.2d 105, 106 (7th Cir.1990), vacated and remanded on other grounds by Dunkel v. . . .

MOGARD, v. CITY OF MILBANK,, 932 F.3d 1184 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . McNeese , 746 F.3d 887, 900 (8th Cir. 2014). IV. . . .

CONSTANCE S. v. SAUL,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 583 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 900 F.3d 479, 485 (7th Cir. 2018) (treating physician); Britt v. . . . Berryhill , 900 F.3d 909, 914 (7th Cir. 2018) ; Vanprooyen v. . . .

WOZNIAK, v. ADESIDA,, 932 F.3d 1008 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Halderman , 465 U.S. 89, 103-23, 104 S.Ct. 900, 79 L.Ed.2d 67 (1984).) . . .

FRYE, v. CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., 933 F.3d 591 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Berghuis , 900 F.3d 804, 816 (6th Cir. 2018) (noting that the "continued vitality of the [implied bias . . .

L. PAGE, v. KING,, 932 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gammie , 335 F.3d 889, 900 (9th Cir. 2003) ("[I]ssues decided by the [Supreme] [C]ourt need not be identical . . .

UNITED STATES v. COLLIER,, 932 F.3d 1067 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kind , 194 F.3d 900, 905 (8th Cir. 1999) (finding a pro se defendant's due process rights were not violated . . .

D. LEISER, v. KLOTH,, 933 F.3d 696 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cope , 900 F.3d 414, 421-22 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

J. MAHLER, v. FIRST DAKOTA TITLE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a LLC, a LLC C. A. Jr., 931 F.3d 799 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Potter , 499 F.3d 900, 905 (8th Cir. 2007) (to establish prima facie case, plaintiff alleging sex discrimination . . .

DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, v. RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 392 F. Supp. 3d 410 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 900, 919 (N.D. . . .

ALEXIS BAILLY VINEYARD, INC. a LLC, a v. HARRINGTON, s, 931 F.3d 774 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seats, Inc. , 900 F.3d 545, 549 (8th Cir. 2018) (quoting Loftness Specialized Farm Equip., Inc. v. . . .

In MATTER OF WHISTLER ENERGY II, L. L. C. v. II, L. L. C. L. P. L. P. L. P. III AIV I LP ANS We, L. P. II, L. L. C., 931 F.3d 432 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . In re Glenn , 900 F.3d 187, 189 (5th Cir. 2018) (quotation omitted). . . .

RUIZ- CORTEZ, v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 931 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cty. of Lake , 900 F.3d 335, 345 (7th Cir. 2018). . . . City of Chicago , 900 F.3d 838, 844 (7th Cir. 2018) ; United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. VALENZUELA,, 931 F.3d 605 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Armstrong , 517 U.S. at 464, 116 S.Ct. 1480 ; Moore , 543 F.3d at 900. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DOE,, 932 F.3d 279 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Calton , 900 F.3d 706, 712-13 (5th Cir. 2018). . . . See Calton , 900 F.3d at 711, 713. . . . Calton , 900 F.3d at 713 (quotation omitted). . . . jurisdiction to consider the appeal of a Rule 35(b) determination, must come from § 3742."); see also Calton , 900 . . .

TRACIE H. v. SAUL,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 990 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 900 F.3d 479, 482 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Doss , 900 F.3d 1017, 1021 (8th Cir. 2018) (cleaned up) (quoting Mallak v. . . .

WEST, v. CITY OF CALDWELL, 931 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . The City of Caldwell paid for a hotel for Plaintiff and her children for three weeks and paid her $900 . . .

K. T. v. ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES, LTD., 931 F.3d 1041 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Celebrity Cruises, Inc., 394 F.3d 891, 900-02 (11th Cir. 2004). . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. NELSON,, 931 F.3d 588 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Scott , 900 F.3d 972, 975 (7th Cir. 2018), Nelson had to have known what rights he was waiving by foregoing . . .

GEMINI TECHNOLOGIES, INC. v. SMITH WESSON CORP. a a, 931 F.3d 911 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bear Stearns & Co. , 900 F.3d 87, 97 (3d Cir. 2018) ("Nothing in Atlantic Marine disturbs the long-standing . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 922 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Gammie , 335 F.3d 889, 900 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc) ("As a general rule, the principle of stare decisis . . .

PEREZ, v. ABBOTT,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 803 (W.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Perez , 565 U.S. 388, 132 S.Ct. 934, 181 L.Ed.2d 900 (2012). . . .

NANTUME, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Sessions, 900 F.3d 46 (1st Cir. 2018), we explained that "[m]otions to reopen - especially untimely motions . . . public interests in finality and the expeditious processing of [immigration] proceedings.' " Sihotang, 900 . . .

WEEKS, a. k. a. v. UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 1263 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 900 F.3d 1310 (11th Cir. 2018). Mr. . . . and the panel granted his petition, vacated its opinion, and sent the case to oral argument, Weeks, 900 . . . United States, 900 F.3d 1012, 1014 (8th Cir. 2018). . . .

HERNANDEZ- GARCIA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 915 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sessions, 900 F.3d 871, 875 (7th Cir. 2018) (emphasis added). . . .

GARCIA, v. VERTICAL SCREEN, INC., 387 F. Supp. 3d 598 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Defendant employs approximately 900 hourly-paid Researchers and Team Leaders responsible for running . . .

ACE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, a v. WATTLES COMPANY, a, 930 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rev. 891, 900 n.25 (1988). . . .

SMITH, v. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,, 930 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Veterans Admin. , 900 F.2d 233, 234 (Fed. Cir. 1990) ). . . .

N. Y. C. C. v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 884 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sessions , 900 F.3d 957, 962 (7th Cir. 2018). . . . Holder , 723 F.3d 889, 900 (7th Cir. 2013) (explaining that, even though a group with the ability and . . .

TAYLOR, v. GRUBBS v. LT. SCDC SCDC DOE, DOE, AI v. SCDC LT MR C, 930 F.3d 611 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gammie , 335 F.3d 889, 900 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc) ("undercut"); Auraria Student Hous. at the Regency . . .

UNITED STATES v. T. HERMAN,, 930 F.3d 872 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Black , 636 F.3d 893, 899-900 (7th Cir. 2011) ; and it is in direct conflict with four other circuits . . . (citations omitted)); Black , 636 F.3d at 900 ("[T]he fundamental characteristic of the physical restraint . . .

L. C. v. ALTA LOMA SCHOOL DISTRICT,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 845 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . These cost maximums added up to a cost cap for visual processing evaluations of $900. . . . Dist. , 556 F.3d 900, 910 (9th Cir. 2009) ( L.M. v. Capistrano ) (citation omitted). . . . determined that the individual services related to visual processing added up to a total cost maximum of $900 . . .

ADAME- HERNANDEZ, v. P. BARR,, 929 F.3d 1020 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder, 615 F.3d 900, 902 (8th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BROWN,, 929 F.3d 1030 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bordeaux , 436 F.3d 900, 903 (8th Cir. 2006). . . .

MEZA- LOPEZ, v. UNITED STATES, 929 F.3d 1041 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Payton, 260 F.3d 898, 900 (8th Cir. 2001). . . .

NAVAJO NATION, a a k a v. SAN JUAN COUNTY, a, 929 F.3d 1270 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 515 U.S. 900, 916, 115 S.Ct. 2475, 132 L.Ed.2d 762 (1995) ). . . .

R. BRADLEY, v. VILLAGE OF UNIVERSITY PARK, ILLINOIS,, 929 F.3d 875 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Air Line Pilots Ass'n , 900 F.3d 388, 396-97 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

PARAMOUNT MEDIA GROUP, INC. v. VILLAGE OF BELLWOOD, 929 F.3d 914 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Winstead , 900 F.3d 428, 434 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

MANNING v. CALDWELL, s FOR CITY OF ROANOKE s, 930 F.3d 264 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Caldwell , 900 F.3d 139 (4th Cir.), reh'g en banc granted , 741 F. App'x 937 (4th Cir. 2018). . . . See Manning , 900 F.3d at 151-53. . . . Caldwell , 900 F.3d 139 (4th Cir. 2018). . . .

HENRY, a v. HULETT,, 930 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Canedy and similar cases" as applying only the Eighth Amendment, not the Fourth); King , 781 F.3d at 899-900 . . . less than opaque," making his genitals and buttocks visible to those around him. 781 F.3d at 893, 899-900 . . . be unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment-and searches involving no such "intrusion." 781 F.3d at 900 . . . Peckham , 141 F.3d at 697 ; see also King , 781 F.3d at 899-900 (distinguishing between the Fourth and . . . See King , 781 F.3d at 900-01. . . .

MADDEN, v. JUST BELIEVE RECOVERY CENTER, LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1121 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . The Plaintiff asks for $12,392.50 in attorney fees and $900 in costs. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HANSEN,, 929 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Williams , 88 F.3d 898, 900 n.4 (10th Cir. 1996) ). However, Mr. . . . Sabillon-Umana , 772 F.3d at 1334 n.1 (quoting Haynes , 88 F.3d at 900 n.4 ). . . .

HEARD, M. T. v. FINCO,, 930 F.3d 772 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . And in this case, a jury determined that four Muslim inmates collectively suffered $900 in damages when . . . Collectively, then, the inmates received $900 in compensatory damages. . . .

SELLARS, v. CRST EXPEDITED, INC., 385 F. Supp. 3d 803 (N.D. Iowa 2019)

. . . Unisys Corp. , 879 F.2d 100, 107 (4th Cir. 1989) vacated and remanded on other grounds , 900 F.2d 27 . . .

PENNSYLVANIA v. PRESIDENT UNITED STATES D. C., 930 F.3d 543 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Columbia Dariely Rodriguez, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, 1500 K Street, N.W., Suite 900 . . . Religious Sisters of Mercy Miles Coleman, Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, 104 South Main Street, Suite 900 . . .

OVERBEY v. MAYOR OF BALTIMORE UC MPA D. C. s E. W., 930 F.3d 215 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pastides , 900 F.3d 160, 176 (4th Cir. 2018). . . .

RODR GUEZ- VILLAR, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 24 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Sessions, 900 F.3d 46, 51 (1st Cir. 2018). . . .

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES INSURANCE COMPANY, v. S. NADKARNI,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 917 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Rptr. 2d 370, 900 P.3d [P.2d] 619 ( Waller ).) . . . Rptr. 2d 370, 900 P.2d 619.) . . .

TQ DELTA, LLC, v. DISH NETWORK LLC,, 929 F.3d 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 900, 906 (Fed. . . .

ERICKSON TRUCKING SERVICE, INC. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,, 929 F.3d 393 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . It owns 36 cranes, with lift capacities ranging from 18 to 900 tons. . . .

GN NETCOM, INC. v. PLANTRONICS, INC., 930 F.3d 76 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . R.R. , 373 F.3d 896, 900 (8th Cir. 2004) ; see also Boyde v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HASSAN- SALEH- MOHAMAD,, 930 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Sosa-González, 900 F.3d 1, 4 (1st Cir. 2018), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 139 S. . . . Gierbolini-Rivera, 900 F.3d 7, 13 (1st Cir. 2018), he cannot meet his burden. . . .

DONELSON, v. HARDY, 931 F.3d 565 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dart , 900 F.3d 469, 473 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

ARIAS LEIVA, v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ferrandina , 478 F.2d 894, 900 (2d Cir. 1973) (Friendly, J.) . . .

M. D. BY NEXT FRIEND R. STUKENBERG Z. H. B. S. A. A. M. J. S. J. H. V. J. L. H. C. C. H. C. A. R. v. ABBOTT, Jr., 929 F.3d 272 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . considered whether a modified injunction dealing with Texas's bail system complied with the mandate rule. 900 . . . the] narrow remand" because it addressed a problem not "originally identified" by the district court. 900 . . . It attempted to remedy a constitutional deficiency the original injunction did not identify. 900 F.3d . . .

MIDWEST DISABILITY INITIATIVE v. JANS ENTERPRISES, INC. d b a s, 929 F.3d 603 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 900, 128 S.Ct. 2161 (citations omitted). . . . sometimes requires notice of the first suit to the represented nonparty, see Sturgell, 553 U.S. at 900 . . .

L. BANKS, v. NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION, 929 F.3d 1046 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . The FAC also alleged that the $900 tax-preparation fee was previously part of the regular trust administration . . .

KHAN, v. UNITED STATES, 928 F.3d 1264 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . And on July 16, 2009, Khan sent $900 through his son Izhar via Western Union to Amina in Pakistan, which . . .

UNITED STATES v. GAWRON,, 929 F.3d 473 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hill , 645 F.3d 900, 907-08 (7th Cir. 2011). . . .