The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XVIII
PUBLIC LANDS AND PROPERTY

Chapter 256
FLAGS

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CHAPTER 256

FLAGS

256.01 Flag of United States to be displayed.

256.011 Display of flag on election day.

256.015 Display of state flag; protocol.

256.02 Certain officers to provide flag.

256.031 Department of State custodian of state flag.

256.032 Display of state flag at public schools.

256.041 Purchase of United States flag or state flag for public use.

256.05 Improper use of state or United States flag, or other symbol of authority.

256.051 Improper use or mutilation of state or Confederate flag or emblem prohibited.

256.06 Mutilation or disrespect of state or United States flag.

256.07 Exceptions.

256.08 Definition.

256.09 Penalty.

256.10 Mutilation of or disrespect for Confederate flags or replicas.

256.11 Public auditoriums; display of the United States flag.

256.12 Display of POW-MIA flags.

256.13 POW-MIA flag; display at rest areas.

256.14 POW-MIA flag; display at state parks.

256.15 Firefighter Memorial Flag.

256.16 Honor and Remember flag.

256.01 Flag of United States to be displayed.—The flag of the United States shall be displayed daily when the weather permits, from a staff upon the state capitol and upon each county courthouse.

History.—s. 1, ch. 7369, 1917; RGS 1206; CGL 1683.

256.011 Display of flag on election day.—

(1) The supervisor of elections of each county in this state shall provide a flag of the United States for each polling place in the county. The flag shall be displayed properly and prominently at all designated polling places on all days when an election is being held.

(2) The supervisor of elections of each county in the state shall make the flags available to each municipality or governmental body holding an election within such county for each election held for any such municipality or governmental body within such county. The municipality or governmental body shall have the responsibility of properly and prominently displaying the flag at each such polling place on all days when an election is being held and shall bear the expense of displaying the flag of the United States.

(3) Each supervisor of elections is authorized to purchase a sufficient number of flags to carry out the purpose of this act out of the general revenue fund of each such county.

(4) In lieu of a flag of the United States, a picture or representation of the flag may be displayed at the polling place, provided such picture or representation measures, at a minimum, 1 square foot in size.

History.—s. 1, ch. 63-227; s. 44, ch. 90-315.

256.015 Display of state flag; protocol.—

(1) The Governor shall adopt a protocol on flag display. The protocol must provide guidelines for the proper display of the state flag and for the lowering of the state flag to half-staff on appropriate occasions, such as on holidays and upon the death of high-ranking state officials, uniformed law enforcement and fire service personnel, and prominent citizens.

(2) The Governor may adopt, repeal, or modify any rule or custom as the Governor deems appropriate which pertains to the display of the state flag.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2013-165.

256.02 Certain officers to provide flag.—The officer charged with the maintenance or upkeep of the buildings mentioned in s. 256.01 shall provide suitable flags and cause them to be displayed, the expense to be borne out of the funds provided for the upkeep and maintenance of said buildings.

History.—s. 2, ch. 7369, 1917; RGS 1207; CGL 1684.

256.031 Department of State custodian of state flag.—

(1)(a) The Department of State is the custodian of the official state flag, and, for the purpose of assisting schools, governmental agencies, and other groups and organizations in the care, handling, and history of the state flag, including all flags that have flown over any part of the State of Florida by those sovereigns to which Florida has belonged, the department is hereby authorized to buy and sell flags and to present, at no cost to such schools, governmental agencies, or other groups, and organizations, flags and printed material giving information in the care, handling, and history of such flags, up to an annual cost of $15,000. Proceeds from the sale of flags shall be deposited in the General Revenue Fund.

(b) The Department of State may also furnish official flags, plaques, and proclamations for state functions and ceremonies, up to an annual cost of $2,000.

(2) Each flag so presented shall carry a note indicating the following: “This flag is being presented to you by courtesy of the people of Florida” and no other name.

History.—s. 1, ch. 29747, 1955; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; ss. 1, 2, ch. 72-123; s. 27, ch. 93-120.

256.032 Display of state flag at public schools.—The state flag shall be displayed at a suitable place and in the appropriate manner on the grounds of each elementary and secondary public school. The school boards shall furnish flags whenever necessary.

History.—s. 1, ch. 65-200; s. 1, ch. 69-300.

256.041 Purchase of United States flag or state flag for public use.—When the state, a county, or a municipality purchases a United States flag or a state flag for public use, the flag must be made in the United States from articles, materials, or supplies, all of which are grown, produced, and manufactured in the United States. This section applies to the purchase of a flag on or after January 1, 2016.

History.—s. 2, ch. 2015-138.

256.05 Improper use of state or United States flag, or other symbol of authority.—No person shall, in any manner, for exhibition or display:

(1) Place or cause to be placed any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement of any nature upon any flag, standard, color, ensign or shield of the United States or of this state, or authorized by any law of the United States or this state; or

(2) Expose to public view any such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield upon which shall have been printed, painted or otherwise produced, or to which shall have been attached, appended, affixed or annexed any such word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawing or advertisement.

History.—ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 7819, 1919; s. 1, ch. 9325, 1923; CGL 8117, 8118; s. 1, ch. 57-74.

256.051 Improper use or mutilation of state or Confederate flag or emblem prohibited.—

(1) It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to copy, print, publish, or otherwise use the flag or state emblem of Florida, or the flag or emblem of the Confederate States, or any flag or emblem used by the Confederate States or the military or naval forces of the Confederate States at any time within the years 1860 to 1865, both inclusive, for the purpose of advertising, selling, or promoting the sale of any article of merchandise whatever within this state.

(2) It shall also be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to mutilate, deface, defile, or contemptuously abuse the flag or emblem of Florida or the flag or emblem of the Confederate States by any act whatever.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the use of any flag, standard, color, shield, ensign, or other insignia of Florida or of the Confederate States for decorative or patriotic purposes.

History.—ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 61-375; s. 5, ch. 91-221.

256.06 Mutilation or disrespect of state or United States flag.—No person shall publicly mutilate, deface, defile, defy, trample upon, or by word or act cast contempt upon any such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield.

History.—ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 7819, 1919; s. 1, ch. 9325, 1923; CGL 8117, 8118.

256.07 Exceptions.—Sections 256.05 and 256.06 shall not apply to any act permitted by the Statutes of the United States or of this state, or by the United States Army and Navy Regulations, nor shall it apply to any printed or written document or production, stationery, ornament, picture or jewelry whereon shall be depicted said flag, standard, color, ensign or shield with no design or words thereon.

History.—New in Florida Statutes, 1941; s. 7, ch. 22858, 1945; s. 2, ch. 57-74.

256.08 Definition.—The words “flag,” “standard,” “color,” “ensign,” or “shield,” as used in ss. 256.05-256.07, shall include any flag, standard, color, ensign or shield, or copy, picture or representation thereof, made of any substance or represented or produced thereon, and of any size, evidently purporting to be such flag, standard, color, ensign or shield of the United States or of this state, or a copy, picture or representation thereof.

History.—New in Florida Statutes, 1941.

256.09 Penalty.—Any person violating the provisions of s. 256.05 or s. 256.06 shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—ss. 1-3, ch. 7819, 1919; s. 1, ch. 9325, 1923; CGL 8117, 8118; s. 155, ch. 71-136.

256.10 Mutilation of or disrespect for Confederate flags or replicas.—No person shall publicly mutilate, deface, defile, defy, trample upon, or by word or act cast contempt upon the flags of the Confederacy, or replicas thereof, for crass or commercial purposes; provided however nothing contained herein shall be construed to prevent or prohibit the use of such flags for decorative or patriotic purposes.

History.—s. 1, ch. 61-115.

256.11 Public auditoriums; display of the United States flag.—

(1) Each publicly supported and controlled auditorium within a separate building shall display daily the flag of the United States upon a suitable flagstaff upon the grounds of the auditorium except when the weather does not permit such display, and each publicly supported and controlled auditorium within a part of a building shall display daily the flag of the United States inside of the auditorium whenever the auditorium is open.

(2) It is the duty of the person responsible for the administration of such auditorium to provide a suitable flag and cause it to be displayed in the manner provided in subsection (1). If any person willfully causes the flag to fail to be so displayed, except for the cleaning, repair, or replacement of such flag, such person is guilty of a noncriminal violation, punishable as provided in s. 775.083.

History.—s. 1, ch. 76-99; s. 2, ch. 99-276.

256.12 Display of POW-MIA flags.—On and after September 19, 1990, each state-owned building at which the flag of the United States is displayed must also display a POW-MIA flag, if such flag is available free of charge to the agency that occupies the building and if such display is in accordance with federal laws and regulations.

History.—s. 1, ch. 90-75.

256.13 POW-MIA flag; display at rest areas.—The Florida Department of Transportation shall fly the POW-MIA flag year-round at each of the rest areas along interstate highways in this state.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2000-329.

256.14 POW-MIA flag; display at state parks.—The Department of Environmental Protection shall purchase and display the POW-MIA flag year-round at each of the state parks where the flag of the United States is displayed.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2008-159.

256.15 Firefighter Memorial Flag.—The Division of State Fire Marshal of the Department of Financial Services shall design, produce, and implement the creation and distribution of an official state Firefighter Memorial Flag to honor firefighters who have died in the line of duty.

(1) The flag may be displayed at memorial or funeral services of firefighters who have died in the line of duty, at firefighter memorials, at fire stations, at the Fallen Firefighter Memorial located at the Florida State Fire College in Ocala, by the families of fallen firefighters, and at any other location designated by the State Fire Marshal.

(2) The flag shall have a blue background, with a black horizontal stripe across the middle of the flag and a horizontal purple stripe above and below the black stripe. It shall also contain a red Maltese Cross or Cross of St. Florian in the center of the flag surrounding the Great Seal of the State of Florida, and the phrase “Florida Fallen Firefighters” in gold capital letters shall be placed at the top of the flag and the phrase “Memorial Flag” shall be placed at the bottom of the flag. Each arm of the cross shall contain one of the words “Courage,” “Honor,” “Sacrifice,” and “Valor.”

(3) The Department of Financial Services may adopt rules relating to the production and distribution of the flag.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2009-52.

256.16 Honor and Remember flag.—

(1) The Honor and Remember flag is designated as the state’s emblem of the service and sacrifice of the brave men and women of the United States Armed Forces who have given their lives in the line of duty.

(2) The flag may be displayed:

(a) At the following locations:

1. Any state-owned building at which the United States flag is displayed.

2. Any state-owned military memorials.

3. Any other state-owned location.

(b) On the following days:

1. Veterans Day, November 11.

2. Gold Star Mother’s Day, the last Sunday in September.

3. A day on which a member of the United States Armed Forces who is a resident of this state loses his or her life in the line of duty.

(d) With no more than two additional flags when displayed together on a flagpole.

(3) A flag displayed pursuant to this section must be manufactured in the United States.

(4) A local government may display the flag in accordance with paragraphs (2)(b), (c), and (d) at any local government building at which the United States flag is displayed and at any other local government location it deems appropriate.

(5) By July 1, 2020, a department or an agency responsible for a location specified in paragraph (2)(a), or a local government pursuant to subsection (4), may adopt regulations as necessary to carry out this section. Such regulations may not require an employee to report to work solely to display the flag.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2019-145.

F.S. 256 on Google Scholar

F.S. 256 on Casetext

Amendments to 256

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 256

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S256.05 - DESECRATING FLAG - IMPROPER USE SYMBOL OF AUTHORITY - M: S

S256.06 - DESECRATING FLAG - DISRESPECT TO STATE OR USA FLAG - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . religion for 200 minutes each week, App. 257-258, and administered a test on religion every week, id. , at 256 . . . Lee , 455 U.S. 252, 256-261, 102 S.Ct. 1051, 71 L.Ed.2d 127 (1982), deny nonprofit status to entities . . . App. 79, 252-253, 256-259. . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . School Bd. of Prince Edward Cty. , 377 U.S. 218, 84 S.Ct. 1226, 12 L.Ed.2d 256 (1964), for the proposition . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Broadcast Service of Mobile, Inc. , 380 U.S. 255, 256, 85 S.Ct. 876, 13 L.Ed.2d 789 (1965) (per curiam . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jackson , 346 U.S. 249, 256, 73 S.Ct. 1031, 97 L.Ed. 1586 (1953). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . White , 256 U.S. 399, 41 S.Ct. 504, 65 L.Ed. 1012 (1921) ; Tod v. . . . White , 256 U.S. 399, 41 S.Ct. 504, 65 L.Ed. 1012 (1921) (habeas petition filed on behalf of noncitizen . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hewitt Associates , 508 U.S. 248, 256, 113 S.Ct. 2063, 124 L.Ed.2d 161 (1993) ; see also CIGNA Corp. . . . Mertens , 508 U.S. at 256, 113 S.Ct. 2063. . . . Hewitt Associates , 508 U.S. 248, 256, 113 S.Ct. 2063, 124 L.Ed.2d 161 (1993) (emphasis deleted). . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . DeWolff, Boberg & Associates, Inc. , 552 U.S. 248, 254-256, 128 S.Ct. 1020, 169 L.Ed.2d 847 (2008). . . . See id., at 256, 128 S.Ct. 1020. . . . , n. 4, 128 S.Ct. 1020, or where "fiduciary breaches ... impair the value of plan assets," id. , at 256 . . .

LUCKY BRAND DUNGAREES, INC. v. MARCEL FASHIONS GROUP, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1589 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Foster , 256 F.3d 1290, 1297-1298 (CA Fed. 2001) ; McKinnon v. . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Causby , 328 U.S. 256, 267, 66 S.Ct. 1062, 90 L.Ed. 1206 (1946) ). Johnson v. . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 1083, 1097, 194 L.Ed.2d 256 (2016) (THOMAS, J., concurring in judgment) ("The . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ferguson , 163 U.S. 537, 16 S.Ct. 1138, 41 L.Ed. 256 (1896). . . . Ferguson , 163 U.S. 537, 16 S.Ct. 1138, 41 L.Ed. 256 (1896), or may be unmasked as egregiously wrong . . . Ferguson , 163 U.S. 537, 16 S.Ct. 1138, 41 L.Ed. 256, the 1898 constitutional convention expressly sought . . .

MCKINNEY, v. ARIZONA, 140 S. Ct. 702 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Lynaugh , 492 U.S. 302, 329-330, 109 S.Ct. 2934, 106 L.Ed.2d 256 (1989). . . .

ARIZONA v. CALIFORNIA, 140 S. Ct. 684 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. , 401 U.S. 493, 498, 91 S.Ct. 1005, 28 L.Ed.2d 256 (1971). . . .

THOMPSON, v. HEBDON,, 140 S. Ct. 348 (U.S. 2019)

. . . . § 15.13.070(d) (2018) ; see Randall , 548 U.S. at 256-259, 126 S.Ct. 2479. . . .

ABRAMOV, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 257 (U.S. 2019)

. . . UNITED STATES No. 19-256 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCADORY,, 935 F.3d 838 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 256 F.3d 895, 914 (9th Cir. 2001) (en banc) (Kozinski, J., concurring)); see also Barapind . . . Ingham , 486 F.3d 1068, 1078 n.8 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Johnson , 256 F.3d at 915 (Kozinski, J., concurring . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 111-256, 124 Stat. 2643 (2010), mandates the use of the term "intellectual disability" in place of . . .

BIRD, v. i DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES DHS, R., 935 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . County of Placer , 108 F.3d 256, 259 (9th Cir. 1997) (quoting Green v. L.A. Cty. . . .

IN RE CORPORATE RESOURCE SERVICES, INC. S. v., 603 B.R. 888 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Passenger Corp., 303 F.3d 256, 265 (2d Cir. 2002). . . .

SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL- DENVER, INC. v. M. AZAR II, U. S., 391 F. Supp. 3d 53 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . the Intermediaries did not apply the must-bill policy to the plaintiffs prior to 2007, see S1-AR at 256 . . .

SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR v. BRISTOL EXCAVATING, INC., 935 F.3d 122 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 246, 256 (D. Mass. 2010) ; Nolan v. City of Chi. , 125 F. Supp. 2d 324, 336 (N.D. . . .

STONE, v. TROY CONSTRUCTION, LLC, 935 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 256. . . . District Court did not err in concluding that the affidavit was not valid consent pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 256 . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Phillips , 875 F.3d 256, 261 (5th Cir. 2017) (en banc ) (quoting Allen v. . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d at 256 ("[T]he question of the appropriate rule of decision for setoff in § 1983 cases has not . . .

SINGLETON, v. ARKANSAS HOUSING AUTHORITIES PROPERTY CASUALTY SELF- INSURED FUND, INC. BRK, 934 F.3d 830 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Liberty Lobby , 477 U.S. at 256-57, 106 S.Ct. 2505 ("The movant has the burden of showing that there . . .

PASSARO, Jr. v. VIRGINIA, 935 F.3d 243 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tazewell Nat'l Bank , 256 Va. 250, 504 S.E.2d 854, 856 (1998) (discussing waiver doctrine). . . .

A. CARVELLI, v. OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, M. R. Jr., 934 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. , [1893] 1 Q,B. 256 (Eng. Wales CA). . . .

NALPROPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. v. ACTAVIS LABORATORIES FL, INC., 934 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Compuserve Inc. , 256 F.3d 1323, 1346 (Fed. Cir. 2001). . . .

MAMMANA, v. FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS, 934 F.3d 368 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Whetzel , 256 F.3d 120, 133 (3d Cir. 2001) ). Farmer , 511 U.S. at 837, 114 S.Ct. 1970. . . .

ARCHER AND WHITE SALES, INCORPORATED, v. HENRY SCHEIN, INCORPORATED L. L. C. L. L. C., 935 F.3d 274 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . CVS Caremark Corp. , 748 F.3d 249, 256 (5th Cir. 2014). . . .

JEFFERIES, v. UNC REGIONAL PHYSICIANS PEDIATRICS, 392 F. Supp. 3d 620 (M.D.N.C. 2019)

. . . Burdine, 450 U.S. 248, 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981) ; see Hoyle v. . . .

J. MALOUF, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,, 933 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Appointments Clause challenge by waiting until the reply brief to present this challenge. 910 F.3d at 256 . . .

ODDO, v. BIMBO BAKERIES U. S. A. INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 466 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . smaller BBUSA truck in 9 out of 120 workweeks; (2) Brucato drove a smaller BBUSA truck in 4 out of 256 . . .

J. AVENA, v. CHAPPELL,, 932 F.3d 1237 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lynaugh , 492 U.S. 302, 328, 109 S.Ct. 2934, 106 L.Ed.2d 256 (1989) ("In order to ensure reliability . . .

FREEDOM FROM RELIGION FOUNDATION, INC. v. COUNTY OF LEHIGH,, 933 F.3d 275 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Indian River School District , 653 F.3d 256, 282-83 (3d Cir. 2011), and Stratechuk v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. HODGE, 933 F.3d 468 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 44 F.3d 256, 260 n.9 (5th Cir. 1995). . . .

A. LAVITE, v. J. DUNSTAN,, 932 F.3d 1020 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Moore , 547 U.S. 250, 256, 126 S.Ct. 1695, 164 L.Ed.2d 441 (2006). . . .

KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 251, 256 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) (explaining that "district courts are given 'broad discretion' in determining . . .

MALDONADO L. Jr. v. RODRIGUEZ, Jr., 932 F.3d 388 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Phillips , 875 F.3d 256, 261 (5th Cir. 2017) (en banc) (quotation marks and internal citations omitted . . .

UNITED STATES v. BANYAN, 933 F.3d 548 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Doughton , 270 U.S. 69, 81, 46 S.Ct. 256, 70 L.Ed. 475 (1926) ("owner of the shares of stock in a company . . .

BREDA, v. CELLCO PARTNERSHIP, d b a, 934 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Commerce Energy, Inc., 256 F. Supp. 3d 563, 581 (W.D. Pa. 2017) ; Harper v. . . .

CAMPBELL, H. C. H. v. UNITED STATES,, 932 F.3d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 256 F.3d 1349, 1351-52 (Fed. Cir. 2001). . . . plaintiffs had suffered a "taking of their property at the hands of the bankruptcy trustees and courts." 256 . . .

D. LEISER, v. KLOTH,, 933 F.3d 696 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . DeTella , 256 F.3d 679, 681-82 (7th Cir. 2001) (conditions of confinement). . . .

A. P. a BY E. F. v. LOWER MERION SCHOOL DISTRICT, 389 F. Supp. 3d 322 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Tr. 22:8-14, 50:16-23, 218:3-18, 244:14-21, 247:4-8, 256:8-25, 262:24-25 - 263:1-15; Doc. . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOHN, 391 F. Supp. 3d 458 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Starusko, 729 F.2d 256, 262 (3d Cir. 1984). . . .

FORCE, A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F. N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. TZVI S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. v. FACEBOOK, INC., 934 F.3d 53 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 255, and to "carry out the essential communication components of [its] terror attacks," App'x 256 . . .

CITY OF MIAMI GARDENS, a v. WELLS FARGO CO. N. A., 931 F.3d 1274 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Burdine , 450 U.S. 248, 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089, 67 L.Ed.2d 207 (1981) ). . . . Burdine , 450 U.S. at 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089. . . . Burdine , 450 U.S. at 256, 101 S.Ct. 1089. . . .

HEISLER, v. NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 931 F.3d 786 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Collings , 256 F.3d 843, 849 (8th Cir. 2001) ; Kim v. . . .

DAVIS, v. GUAM M. C. F. P. F. I. M., 932 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ferguson , 163 U.S. 537, 552, 16 S.Ct. 1138, 41 L.Ed. 256 (1896) ; Neil Gotanda, A Critique of "Our Constitution . . .

MCCOTTRELL S. v. WHITE, 933 F.3d 651 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 477 U.S. 242, 256, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). . . .

DEXTER, a k a v. DEALOGIC, LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 233 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 251, 256 (D. Mass. 2015) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(d)(3) ). . . .

J. TRUMP, v. SIERRA CLUB,, 140 S. Ct. 1 (U.S. 2019)

. . . United States , 256 U.S. 575, 580-581, 41 S.Ct. 563, 65 L.Ed. 1099 (1921) ; Hooe v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MUSCHETTE, 392 F. Supp. 3d 282 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . GX 256; Trial Tr. 915. . . . GX 256. At 12:33 AM, Ramsey answered a call from Muschette, which lasted about a minute and a half. . . . See GX 256; GX 454. . . . Avellino , 136 F.3d 249, 256 (2d Cir. 1998) (fact that the evidence was in the physical possession of . . .

PEERLESS INSURANCE COMPANY, v. TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE COMPANY, INC., 392 F. Supp. 3d 313 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 256, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). . . . Found., Inc., 256 F. Supp. 2d 176, 180 (S.D.N.Y. 2003). . . .

MOODY, v. UNITED STATES,, 931 F.3d 1136 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . . §§ 162.101 - .256. . . . See id. §§ 162.247-.256. . . .

LIFE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION, a v. GOVINDARAJ, a, 931 F.3d 259 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . North Carolina , 787 F.3d 256, 261 (4th Cir. 2015). . . .

DJERF, v. L. RYAN,, 931 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lynaugh , 492 U.S. 302, 319-28, 109 S.Ct. 2934, 106 L.Ed.2d 256 (1989), abrogated on other grounds by . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . (quoting Stewart , 563 U.S. at 256-57, 131 S.Ct. 1632 ). . . .

EDWARDS, v. PENIX, 388 F. Supp. 3d 135 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 256, 275 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) (quoting Tinker v. . . .

E. CHAMBERS, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 77 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . set forth specific facts showing that there [are] genuine issue[s] for trial," Anderson, 477 U.S. at 256 . . .

DOBBINS, v. STATE, 275 So. 3d 1260 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . State, 72 So. 3d 254, 256-57 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011) (holding that the State presented sufficient evidence . . .

OBASI INVESTMENT LTD Wu v. TIBET PHARMACEUTICALS, INC Yu Z. L. III Co. L. L. P. L. III,, 931 F.3d 179 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 438 F.3d 256, 269 (3d Cir. 2006). . . .

HARTMAN v. THOMPSON, 931 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Wilkerson , 910 F.3d 254, 256 (6th Cir. 2018). . . .

PRESQUE ISLE COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, v. HIGHMARK HEALTH, f k a f k a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 485 (W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Penn Power Co. , 147 F.3d 256, 265 (3d Cir. 1998) ). . . .

BIGSBY, Jr. v. BARCLAYS CAPITAL REAL ESTATE, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 336 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . . ¶¶ 236-37, 256-57. . . .

IN RE A. STEWART, P., 603 B.R. 138 (Bankr. W.D. Okla. 2019)

. . . Kopexa , 213 B.R. at 1022 ; Southern Medical Arts , 343 B.R. at 256 ; Martin , 91 F.3d at 393. . . .

ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AFFILIATED PLANS, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Comm. of IRS, 897 F.3d 256, 261 (D.C. Cir. 2018) (quoting Nat'l Cable & Telecomms. Ass'n v. . . .

L. KEEN, v. C. HELSON, LLC, N. A. N. A. J. P. N. A., 930 F.3d 799 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Webster's Third New International Dictionary 256 (3d ed. 1971). . . .

E. HORSEY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 97 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 256 (D.D.C. 2016). . . .

L. C. v. ALTA LOMA SCHOOL DISTRICT,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 845 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . AR 256. . . . See AR 256. . . . See AR 256. . . .

SAID, v. NATIONAL RAILROAD PASSENGER CORPORATION,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 46 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . . § 153 ; see Hawaiian Airlines, 512 U.S. at 256, 114 S.Ct. 2239 ("We have defined minor disputes as . . . Hawaiian Airlines, 512 U.S. at 256, 114 S.Ct. 2239. . . . plaintiff's claims seek "to enforce rights that are independent of the CBA," Hawaiian Airlines, 512 U.S. at 256 . . .

RAYNA P. v. CAMPUS COMMUNITY SCHOOL, M. P. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 556 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . Maldonado , 256 F.3d at 184. . . . Maldonado , 256 F.3d at 184. . . . Maldonado , 256 F.3d at 187 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . See Maldonado , 256 F.3d at 187. . . . (citing Maldonado , 256 F.3d at 187 ). . . .

EBBE, v. CONCORDE INVESTMENT SERVICES, LLC G. M. a k a M., 392 F. Supp. 3d 228 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . SEC, 693 F.3d 251, 256-57 (1st Cir. 2012). Ebbe did not know about these penalties until late 2016. . . .

GIBSON, Ca v. SCE GROUP, INC. d b a d b a s,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 228 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Schnabolk , 65 F.3d 256, 264 (2d Cir. 1995) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). . . . Whitman , 300 F.3d 256, 271 (2d Cir. 2002). . . .

KNIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS CORPORATION, v. HENKEL AG COMPANY, KGAA,, 930 F.3d 775 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 477 U.S. 242, 256, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). . . .

SELLARS, v. CRST EXPEDITED, INC., 385 F. Supp. 3d 803 (N.D. Iowa 2019)

. . . Enterprises, Inc. , 256 F.3d 864, 875 (9th Cir. 2001) ("When the employer undertakes no remedy, or where . . .

PHILLIPS, v. V. SPENCER,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 136 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Area Transit Auth. , 256 F. Supp. 3d 30, 33 (D.D.C. 2017). . . .

RIOS, v. JENKINS,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 714 (W.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Sosa-Carabantes, 561 F.3d 256, 257 (4th Cir. 2009) ("The 287(g) Program permits ICE to deputize local . . .

STARR INDEMNITY LIABILITY COMPANY, v. BRIGHTSTAR CORP., 388 F. Supp. 3d 304 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . See Excerpts of Videotaped Deposition of Jeffrey Factor, dated Nov. 3, 2016 ("Factor Dep."), 256-58. . . . evidence from which a reasonable juror could return a verdict in his favor," Anderson, 477 U.S. at 256 . . . Trust Co. of Rochester, 96 A.D.2d 227, 230, 468 N.Y.S.2d 256 (4th Dep't 1983) ); accord Johnson & Johnson . . . Anderson, 477 U.S. at 256, 106 S.Ct. 2505. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PETRUK, v., 929 F.3d 952 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Farnell, 701 F.3d 256, 260 (8th Cir. 2012). . . .

AUTOMOTIVE BODY PARTS ASSOCIATION, v. FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,, 930 F.3d 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 171 has no basis in the law," J.A. 256, and that "there is no legal basis for respondents' assertion . . .

JETTE, v. UNITED OF OMAHA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 149 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Hewitt Assocs., 508 U.S. 248, 256, 113 S.Ct. 2063, 124 L.Ed.2d 161 (1993). . . . Ct. 651, 657, 193 L.Ed.2d 556 (2016) (quoting Mertens, 508 U.S. at 256, 113 S.Ct. 2063 ) (emphasis in . . .

CARDIONET, LLC, v. SCOTTCARE CORPORATION,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 442 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 247, 256 (E.D. Pa. 2016). . . .

UNITED STATES v. WHYTE, a. k. a., 928 F.3d 1317 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Scalia & Garner, Reading Law § 40, at 256. . . .

IN RE CHICAGO MANAGEMENT CONSULTING GROUP, INC. v., 929 F.3d 803 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Royal Caribbean Cruises, Ltd. , 48 F.3d 256, 258 (7th Cir. 1995). . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIELS,, 930 F.3d 393 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Delgado , 256 F.3d 264, 274 (5th Cir. 2001) ). Scott , 892 F.3d at 798 (quoting United States v. . . .

ROXX ALLISON LTD. v. JEWELERS INC., 385 F. Supp. 3d 377 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Franklyn, 26 N.Y.2d 13, 308 N.Y.S.2d 337, 256 N.E.2d 506, 508 (1970) (holding that jurisdiction could . . . Compare Parke-Bernet Galleries, 308 N.Y.S.2d 337, 256 N.E.2d at 508 (noting that single telephone order . . . Parke-Bernet Galleries, 308 N.Y.S.2d 337, 256 N.E.2d at 508. . . .

KNIGHT FIRST AMENDMENT INSTITUTE AT COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, Gu, v. J. TRUMP,, 928 F.3d 226 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Time Warner Entm't Advance/Newhouse P'ship , 191 F.3d 256, 266 (2d Cir. 1999) ; see also Pleasant Grove . . . Moore , 547 U.S. 250, 256, 126 S.Ct. 1695, 164 L.Ed.2d 441 (2006) (stating that "as a general matter . . .

PHL VARIABLE INSURANCE COMPANY, v. TOWN OF OYSTER BAY,, 929 F.3d 79 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . on the basis that there had been no Town Board authorization, PHL had submitted Town Resolution No. 256 . . . .2d 104 (1991) ), the district court pointed out that "there is no indication that [R]esolution [No. 256 . . . CSX Transp., Inc. , 70 F.3d 255, 256 (2d Cir. 1995) (ruling that this Court, on an appeal from an order . . . Nor is there any plausible suggestion that the SACA was approved in 2010 by Resolution No. 256-2010 or . . . Facilities "subject to the negotiation of acceptable terms in said agreements," Town Resolution No. 256 . . .

TWEED- NEW HAVEN AIRPORT AUTHORITY, v. TONG,, 930 F.3d 65 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dist. , 469 U.S. 256, 258, 105 S.Ct. 695, 83 L.Ed.2d 635 (1985) (considering Supremacy Clause challenge . . .

S. CANNON, v. STATE, 275 So. 3d 802 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . State , 210 So. 3d 256 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017). . . .

M. D. BY NEXT FRIEND R. STUKENBERG Z. H. B. S. A. A. M. J. S. J. H. V. J. L. H. C. C. H. C. A. R. v. ABBOTT, Jr., 929 F.3d 272 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 256-68. But we reversed the district court's other two liability findings. Id. at 268-70. . . .

CARROZZA, v. CVS PHARMACY, INC. d b a CVS, 391 F. Supp. 3d 136 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Id. at 256-57, 106 S.Ct. 2505. B. Analysis 1. . . .

DOE, M. D. E. D. K. D. v. J. MERON, NSA DOD R. DOD E. DOD DOD NSA DOD EURAFSWA a U. S. EURAFSWA FAR NSA DOD, 929 F.3d 153 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . . & C.C. of Baltimore , 190 Md. 256, 58 A.2d 290, 304 (1948) ). . . . Mayor and City Council of Baltimore , 190 Md. 256, 58 A.2d 290, 304 (1948). . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Meanwhile, Shanahan reported on May 8 that DoD and DHS had secured funding for DHS to build about 256 . . .

FORTUNE SOCIETY, v. SANDCASTLE TOWERS HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FUND CORP. LLC, LLC, E M LLC,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 145 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . 116-3 (each of the Twenty Clients earned less than $40,000 per year); see also Ex. 2, ECF No. 94-4 at 256 . . .

PADILLA, v. U. S. IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 1219 (W.D. Wash. 2019)

. . . Marin, 909 F.3d 252, 256-57 (9th Cir. 2018). . . . action because it lacks a clear statement repealing the court's habeas jurisdiction." 909 F.3d 252, 256 . . . Marin, 909 F.3d 252, 256 (9th Cir. 2018). . . .

J. CUNNINGHAM, v. WAWA, INC., 387 F. Supp. 3d 529 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d at 256 ; see also Kenseth v. Dean Health Plan, Inc., 722 F.3d 869, 879 (7th Cir. 2013). . . . Zell, 275 F.R.D. 256, 261 (N.D. . . .

TARGET GENERAL MERCHANDISE, INC. v. UNITED STATES,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1326 (Ct. Int'l Trade 2019)

. . . Liberty Lobby, Inc. , 477 U.S. 242, 256-57, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986) (quoting Bose Corp. . . .

E. D. v. SHARKEY BCRC- IFC BCRC- IFC BCRC- IFC, 928 F.3d 299 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Virgin Islands Water & Power Auth. , 256 F.3d 204, 208 (3d Cir. 2001) ). b. . . . Whetzel , 256 F.3d 120, 142 n. 15 (3d Cir. 2001). . . . Beers-Capitol , 256 F.3d at 143 n.15 (citing Farmer v. . . . Beers-Capitol , 256 F.3d at 143 n.15 ; see also Ricks v. . . . Beers-Capitol , 256 F.3d at 135. . . .