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Florida Statute 515 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 515 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIII
REGULATION OF TRADE, COMMERCE, INVESTMENTS, AND SOLICITATIONS
Chapter 515
RESIDENTIAL SWIMMING POOL SAFETY ACT
View Entire Chapter
CHAPTER 515
CHAPTER 515
RESIDENTIAL SWIMMING POOL SAFETY ACT
515.21 Short title.
515.23 Legislative findings and intent.
515.25 Definitions.
515.27 Residential swimming pool safety feature options; penalties.
515.29 Residential swimming pool barrier requirements.
515.31 Drowning prevention education program; public information publication.
515.33 Information required to be furnished to buyers.
515.35 Rulemaking authority.
515.37 Exemptions.
515.21 Short title.This chapter may be cited as the “Preston de Ibern/McKenzie Merriam Residential Swimming Pool Safety Act.”
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.23 Legislative findings and intent.The Legislature finds that drowning is the leading cause of death of young children in this state and is also a significant cause of death for medically frail elderly persons in this state, that constant adult supervision is the key to accomplishing the objective of reducing the number of submersion incidents, and that when lapses in supervision occur a pool safety feature designed to deny, delay, or detect unsupervised entry to the swimming pool, spa, or hot tub will reduce drowning and near-drowning incidents. In addition to the incalculable human cost of these submersion incidents, the health care costs, loss of lifetime productivity, and legal and administrative expenses associated with drownings of young children and medically frail elderly persons in this state each year and the lifetime costs for the care and treatment of young children who have suffered brain disability due to near-drowning incidents each year are enormous. Therefore, it is the intent of the Legislature that all new residential swimming pools, spas, and hot tubs be equipped with at least one pool safety feature as specified in this chapter. It is also the intent of the Legislature that the Department of Health be responsible for producing its own or adopting a nationally recognized publication that provides the public with information on drowning prevention and the responsibilities of pool ownership and also for developing its own or adopting a nationally recognized drowning prevention education program for the public and for persons violating the pool safety requirements of this chapter.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.25 Definitions.As used in this chapter, the term:
(1) “Approved safety pool cover” means a manually or power-operated safety pool cover that meets all of the performance standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in compliance with standard F1346-91.
(2) “Barrier” means a fence, dwelling wall, or nondwelling wall, or any combination thereof, which completely surrounds the swimming pool and obstructs access to the swimming pool, especially access from the residence or from the yard outside the barrier.
(3) “Department” means the Department of Health.
(4) “Exit alarm” means a device that makes audible, continuous alarm sounds when any door or window which permits access from the residence to any pool area that is without an intervening enclosure is opened or left ajar.
(5) “Indoor swimming pool” means a swimming pool that is totally contained within a building and surrounded on all four sides by walls of or within the building.
(6) “Medically frail elderly person” means any person who is at least 65 years of age and has a medical problem that affects balance, vision, or judgment, including, but not limited to, a heart condition, diabetes, or Alzheimer’s disease or any related disorder.
(7) “Outdoor swimming pool” means any swimming pool that is not an indoor swimming pool.
(8) “Portable spa” means a nonpermanent structure intended for recreational bathing, in which all controls and water-heating and water-circulating equipment are an integral part of the product and which is cord-connected and not permanently electrically wired.
(9) “Public swimming pool” means a swimming pool, as defined in s. 514.011(2), which is operated, with or without charge, for the use of the general public; however, the term does not include a swimming pool located on the grounds of a private residence.
(10) “Residential” means situated on the premises of a detached one-family or two-family dwelling or a one-family townhouse not more than three stories high.
(11) “Swimming pool” means any structure, located in a residential area, that is intended for swimming or recreational bathing and contains water over 24 inches deep, including, but not limited to, in-ground, aboveground, and on-ground swimming pools; hot tubs; and nonportable spas.
(12) “Young child” means any person under the age of 6 years.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.27 Residential swimming pool safety feature options; penalties.
(1) In order to pass final inspection and receive a certificate of completion, a residential swimming pool must meet at least one of the following requirements relating to pool safety features:
(a) The pool must be isolated from access to a home by an enclosure that meets the pool barrier requirements of s. 515.29;
(b) The pool must be equipped with an approved safety pool cover;
(c) All doors and windows providing direct access from the home to the pool must be equipped with an exit alarm that has a minimum sound pressure rating of 85 dB A at 10 feet;
(d) All doors providing direct access from the home to the pool must be equipped with a self-closing, self-latching device with a release mechanism placed no lower than 54 inches above the floor; or
(e) A swimming pool alarm that, when placed in a pool, sounds an alarm upon detection of an accidental or unauthorized entrance into the water. Such pool alarm must meet and be independently certified to ASTM Standard F2208, titled “Standard Safety Specification for Residential Pool Alarms,” which includes surface motion, pressure, sonar, laser, and infrared alarms. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “swimming pool alarm” does not include any swimming protection alarm device designed for individual use, such as an alarm attached to a child that sounds when the child exceeds a certain distance or becomes submerged in water.
(2) A person who fails to equip a new residential swimming pool with at least one pool safety feature as required in subsection (1) commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083, except that no penalty shall be imposed if the person, within 45 days after arrest or issuance of a summons or a notice to appear, has equipped the pool with at least one safety feature as required in subsection (1) and has attended a drowning prevention education program established by s. 515.31. However, the requirement of attending a drowning prevention education program is waived if such program is not offered within 45 days after issuance of the citation.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143; s. 14, ch. 2016-129.
515.29 Residential swimming pool barrier requirements.
(1) A residential swimming pool barrier must have all of the following characteristics:
(a) The barrier must be at least 4 feet high on the outside.
(b) The barrier may not have any gaps, openings, indentations, protrusions, or structural components that could allow a young child to crawl under, squeeze through, or climb over the barrier.
(c) The barrier must be placed around the perimeter of the pool and must be separate from any fence, wall, or other enclosure surrounding the yard unless the fence, wall, or other enclosure or portion thereof is situated on the perimeter of the pool, is being used as part of the barrier, and meets the barrier requirements of this section.
(d) The barrier must be placed sufficiently away from the water’s edge to prevent a young child or medically frail elderly person who may have managed to penetrate the barrier from immediately falling into the water.
(2) The structure of an aboveground swimming pool may be used as its barrier or the barrier for such a pool may be mounted on top of its structure; however, such structure or separately mounted barrier must meet all barrier requirements of this section. In addition, any ladder or steps that are the means of access to an aboveground pool must be capable of being secured, locked, or removed to prevent access or must be surrounded by a barrier that meets the requirements of this section.
(3) Gates that provide access to swimming pools must open outward away from the pool and be self-closing and equipped with a self-latching locking device, the release mechanism of which must be located on the pool side of the gate and so placed that it cannot be reached by a young child over the top or through any opening or gap.
(4) A wall of a dwelling may serve as part of the barrier if it does not contain any door or window that opens to provide access to the swimming pool.
(5) A barrier may not be located in a way that allows any permanent structure, equipment, or similar object to be used for climbing the barrier.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.31 Drowning prevention education program; public information publication.
(1) The department shall develop a drowning prevention education program, which shall be made available to the public at the state and local levels and which shall be required as set forth in s. 515.27(2) for persons in violation of the pool safety requirements of this chapter. The department may charge a fee, not to exceed $100, for attendance at such a program. The drowning prevention education program shall be funded using fee proceeds, state funds appropriated for such purpose, and grants. The department, in lieu of developing its own program, may adopt a nationally recognized drowning prevention education program to be approved for use in local safety education programs, as provided in rule of the department.
(2) The department shall also produce, for distribution to the public at no charge, a publication that provides information on drowning prevention and the responsibilities of pool ownership. The department, in lieu of developing its own publication, may adopt a nationally recognized drowning prevention and responsibilities of pool ownership publication, as provided in rule of the department.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.33 Information required to be furnished to buyers.A licensed pool contractor, on entering into an agreement with a buyer to build a residential swimming pool, or a licensed home builder or developer, on entering into an agreement with a buyer to build a house that includes a residential swimming pool, must give the buyer a document containing the requirements of this chapter and a copy of the publication produced by the department under s. 515.31 that provides information on drowning prevention and the responsibilities of pool ownership.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.35 Rulemaking authority.The department shall adopt rules pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act establishing the fees required to attend drowning prevention education programs and setting forth the information required under this chapter to be provided by licensed pool contractors and licensed home builders or developers.
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.
515.37 Exemptions.This chapter does not apply to:
(1) Any system of sumps, irrigation canals, or irrigation flood control or drainage works constructed or operated for the purpose of storing, delivering, distributing, or conveying water.
(2) Stock ponds, storage tanks, livestock operations, livestock watering troughs, or other structures used in normal agricultural practices.
(3) Public swimming pools.
(4) Any political subdivision that has adopted or adopts a residential pool safety ordinance, provided the ordinance is equal to or more stringent than the provisions of this chapter.
(5) Any portable spa with a safety cover that complies with ASTM F1346-91 (Standard Performance Specification for Safety Covers and Labeling Requirements for All Covers for Swimming Pools, Spas and Hot Tubs).
(6) Small, temporary pools without motors, which are commonly referred to or known as “kiddie pools.”
History.s. 1, ch. 2000-143.

F.S. 515 on Google Scholar

F.S. 515 on Casetext

Amendments to 515


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 515
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S506.515 - LARC - REMOVE EGG BASKET OR POULTRY BOX - M: F
S515.27 2 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - FAIL TO USE AT LEAST ONE POOL SAFETY FEATURE - M: S


Civil Citations / Citable Offenses under S515
R or S next to points is Mandatory Revocation or Suspension

S316.515 Maximum height/length/width for operation of vehicle Exceeding [penalty based on footage over limit - see 316.516] - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (1) Load Oversized/width - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (2) Over height of load - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3) Non-commercial - more than 2 units coupled together - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(a) Load oversized/length straight truck - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(b) Semitrailer length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(b)1 Semitrailer length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(b)2 Semitrailer length specific equipment - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(a)2a Semitrailer length specific equipment - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(b)2b Semitrailer length specific equipment - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(c)1 Tandem trailer improper length - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(c)2 Tandem trailer Terminal Violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (3)(c)3 Tandem trailer City/County violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (4) Length load extend front - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (5)(a) Husbandry/Agriculture Trailer safety violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (5)(b) Forestry Equipment Violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (6) Tour Train restriction violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(b)1 Length/flag violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(b)1a No warning light - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(b)1b No escort vehicle - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(b)2 Length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(b)3 Length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(c) Length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(d) Length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (7)(e) Length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (8)(b) Tow non-conforming vehicle - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (8)(c) Tow without special weight permit - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (8)(d) Tow tractor/trailer improper - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (9)(a) Length/width bus/coach violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (10) Violation auto towaway/driveway restriction - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (11) Violation refuse collection/transportation restriction - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (12) Turnpike width/height/length violation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (13) Department transportation obey safety regulation - Points on Drivers License: 0
S316.515 (15) Motor Home exceed 45 feet - Points on Drivers License: 0


Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

CALVARY CHAPEL DAYTON VALLEY v. SISOLAK,, 140 S. Ct. 2603 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 831, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995). . . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995) ; Larson v . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Georgia , 6 Pet. 515, 557, 8 L.Ed. 483 (1832) ; see also McClanahan v. . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Corporation Comm'n of Okla ., 278 U.S. 515, 526-527, 49 S.Ct. 235, 73 L.Ed. 483 (1929). . . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 829-830, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995) ( . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 847, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995) (O'Connor . . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 839, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995). . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston , Inc., 515 U.S. 557, 115 S.Ct. 2338, 132 L.Ed . . . See, e.g. , Hurley , 515 U.S. at 572-573, 115 S.Ct. 2338 ; Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. Public Util. . . . In that case, a group called the South Boston Allied War Veterans Council organized a parade. 515 U.S . . . See 515 U.S. at 574-575, 115 S.Ct. 2338. . . . See 515 U.S. at 571, 115 S.Ct. 2338. . . . Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Group of Boston , Inc., 515 U.S. 557, 574-575, 115 S.Ct. 2338 . . . See Hurley , 515 U.S. at 572-573, 115 S.Ct. 2338 ; Pacific Gas , 475 U.S. at 15, 106 S.Ct. 903 ; cf. . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Peña , 515 U.S. 200, 231, 115 S.Ct. 2097, 132 L.Ed.2d 158 (1995) (plurality opinion). . . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 521, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) ; Rodriguez de Quijas v. . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Compare post , at 2224 - 2238, 2241 - 2243, 2245, with Free Enterprise Fund , 561 U.S., at 515-524, 530 . . . Id., at 515. . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Malesko , 534 U.S. 61, 75, 122 S.Ct. 515, 151 L.Ed.2d 456 (2001) (Scalia, J., concurring). . . . Jenkins , 515 U.S. 70, 127, 115 S.Ct. 2038, 132 L.Ed.2d 63 (1995) (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 136 S.Ct. 2117, 2126, 195 L.Ed.2d 382 (2016) (quoting Fox Television , 556 U.S. at 515, . . . Id ., at 515, 129 S.Ct. 1800. Yet that is what the Duke Memorandum did. . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Virginia , 518 U.S. 515, 531-533, 116 S.Ct. 2264, 135 L.Ed.2d 735 (1996) ; J. E. B. v. . . . Virginia , 518 U.S. 515, 532-534, 116 S.Ct. 2264, 135 L.Ed.2d 735 (1996). . . .

J. LOMAX, v. ORTIZ- MARQUEZ,, 140 S. Ct. 1721 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Sweet Home Chapter, Communities for Great Ore., 515 U.S. 687, 702, 705, 115 S.Ct. 2407, 132 L.Ed.2d 597 . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Peña , 515 U.S. 200, 211, 115 S.Ct. 2097, 132 L.Ed.2d 158 (1995) ; Northeastern Fla. . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 515 U.S. 177, 115 S.Ct. 2031, 132 L.Ed.2d 136 (1995) (discussing the doctrine); see also . . . See Mascott 484-507, 510-515. . . . Michigan); Act of Mar. 2, 1805, §§ 1, 2, 2 Stat. 322 (Orleans); Act of Feb. 3, 1809, §§ 2, 4, 2 Stat. 515 . . . (a ) (1789) (Northwest Territory); Act of Feb. 3, 1809, ch. 13, §§ 1, 2, 2 Stat. 514-515 (Illinois); . . .

SOUTH BAY UNITED PENTECOSTAL CHURCH, v. NEWSOM,, 140 S. Ct. 1613 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995) ; Church of . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Vulte , 233 U.S. 509, 515, 34 S.Ct. 664, 58 L.Ed. 1071 (1914) ; accord, GAO Redbook 2-63 ("The mere failure . . . Id., at 514-515, 34 S.Ct. 664 (quoting Minis v. . . . only " 'reasonable interpretation' " of the appropriation Acts, the obligation persisted. 233 U.S. at 515 . . . Langston , 118 U.S. at 394, 6 S.Ct. 1185 ; see also Vulte , 233 U.S. at 515, 34 S.Ct. 664. . . . Vulte , 233 U.S. at 515, 34 S.Ct. 664. . . .

GEORGIA, v. PUBLIC. RESOURCE. ORG, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1498 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hicks , 509 U.S. 502, 515, 113 S.Ct. 2742, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993) ; Reiter v. . . .

BARTON, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1442 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Sweet Home Chapter, Communities for Great Ore., 515 U.S. 687, 698, 115 S.Ct. 2407, 132 L.Ed.2d 597 (1995 . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ct. , 390 Mont. 76, 408 P.3d 515 (2017). . . . Ct. , 390 Mont. 76, 79, 408 P.3d 515, 518 (2017). . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 510, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) ; Richardson v. . . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. at 510, 115 S.Ct. 2310 ; Richardson , 526 U.S. at 817, 119 S.Ct. 1707 ; Apprendi , . . . Massachusetts , 427 U.S. 618, 625, 96 S.Ct. 2781, 49 L.Ed.2d 732 (1976) (quoting Apodaca plurality); Gaudin , 515 . . . S. 506, 515-516, 94 S.Ct. 2687, 41 L.Ed.2d 912 (1974) ("The Sixth Amendment represents a deep commitment . . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 511, n. 2, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) ( Apodaca "conclude[d] that . . .

ARCHDIOCESE OF WASHINGTON v. WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN AREA TRANSIT AUTHORITY,, 140 S. Ct. 1198 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rector and Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995) ; Lamb's Chapel . . . premise, a perspective, a standpoint from which a variety of subjects may be discussed and considered." 515 . . .

CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, v. FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., 140 S. Ct. 1081 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 512, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995). . . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 512, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) ). . . .

GUERRERO- LASPRILLA, v. P. BARR, v. P., 140 S. Ct. 1062 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Lamagno , 515 U.S. 417, 434, 115 S.Ct. 2227, 132 L.Ed.2d 375 (1995) ; internal quotation marks omitted . . . Co. , 92 U.S. 315, 318-319, 23 L.Ed. 515 (1876) (distinguishing between a "mixed question of law and . . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 512, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) ("the application-of-legal-standard-to-fact . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Koray , 515 U.S. 50, 65, 115 S.Ct. 2021, 132 L.Ed.2d 46 (1995) ; Smith v. . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Malesko , 534 U.S. 61, 122 S.Ct. 515, 151 L.Ed.2d 456 (2001) ; FDIC v. . . . Malesko , 534 U.S. at 66, 122 S.Ct. 515. . . . Malesko , 534 U.S. at 67, n. 3, 122 S.Ct. 515. . . . Malesko , 534 U.S. 61, 68, 122 S.Ct. 515, 151 L.Ed.2d 456 (2001). . . . Malesko , 534 U.S. 61, 122 S.Ct. 515, 151 L.Ed.2d 456 (2001) ; FDIC v. . . .

L. BALDWIN, Et Ux. v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 690 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Paulding, 14 Pet. 497, 515, 10 L.Ed. 559 (1840) ; see also United States ex rel. Dunlap v. . . .

AMATO, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 982 (U.S. 2020)

. . . UNITED STATES No. 19-515 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bass , 404 U.S. 336, 348, 92 S.Ct. 515, 30 L.Ed.2d 488 (1971). . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sirmons, 515 F.3d 1072, 1089 (10th Cir. 2008). . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Conner , 515 U.S. 472, 115 S.Ct. 2293, 132 L.Ed.2d 418 (1995). . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, Sr., 934 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 512-14, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. HOPPER,, 934 F.3d 740 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Neal , 907 F.3d 511, 515 (7th Cir. 2018) (per curiam). . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 313-14, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995) ; Kinney v. . . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 319, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995). . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . jurisdictional terms or refer[s] in any way to the jurisdiction of the district courts," Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515 . . . Id. at 515-16, 126 S.Ct. 1235 (determining Title VII's application to entities with 15 or more employees . . .

PARKER, v. LANDRY,, 935 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . See Guadalupe-Báez, 819 F.3d at 515. . . . See Guadalupe-Báez, 819 F.3d at 515. . . . See Guadalupe-Báez, 819 F.3d at 515. Such notice may be either actual or constructive. See id. . . . Guadalupe-Báez, 819 F.3d at 515 (quoting Maldonado-Denis, 23 F.3d at 582 ). . . .

CHEMEHUEVI INDIAN TRIBE, v. MCMAHON,, 934 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 410 F.3d 506, 515-16 (9th Cir. 2005) (en banc). . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Allen, 515 F.3d 1168, 1176 (11th Cir. 2008) (same); Jones v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PARKINS,, 935 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Sash, 396 F.3d 515, 523 (2d Cir. 2005). . . . Bass, 404 U.S. 336, 348, 92 S.Ct. 515, 30 L.Ed.2d 488 (1971). . . .

S. BLEDSOE, v. VANDERBILT,, 934 F.3d 1112 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Regents, 159 F.3d 504, 515-16 (10th Cir. 1998) ). . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Behrend , 569 U.S. 27, 34, 133 S.Ct. 1426, 185 L.Ed.2d 515 (2013) (internal quotation marks and citation . . .

TIJERINO v. STETSON DESERT PROJECT, LLC, L J., 934 F.3d 968 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Y & H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 515-16, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006) (internal citation omitted . . . jurisdictional terms or refer in any way to the jurisdiction of the district courts.' " Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515 . . .

AMAZON. COM, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,, 934 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fox Television Stations, Inc. , 556 U.S. 502, 515, 129 S.Ct. 1800, 173 L.Ed.2d 738 (2009) ("[T]he requirement . . .

ZEHENTBAUER FAMILY LAND, LP LP v. CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION, L. L. C. L. L. C. E P USA,, 935 F.3d 496 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Behrend , 569 U.S. 27, 34, 133 S.Ct. 1426, 185 L.Ed.2d 515 (2013) (quoting Amchem , 521 U.S. at 615, . . . Behrend , 569 U.S. 27, 33, 133 S.Ct. 1426, 185 L.Ed.2d 515 (2013) (citations and internal quotation marks . . . Behrend , 569 U.S. 27, 133 S.Ct. 1426, 185 L.Ed.2d 515 (2013), held that class certification is not proper . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ritchie , 103 Idaho 515, 650 P.2d 657, 661 (1982) - applies where, as here, the nonmoving party has made . . .

YOUKHANNA v. CITY OF STERLING HEIGHTS C., 934 F.3d 508 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia , 515 U.S. 819, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995 . . .

LATURNER, v. UNITED STATES,, 933 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . .); J.A. 513 (letter to Kentucky); J.A. 515 (letter to New Hampshire); J.A. 517 (letter to South Dakota . . .

EFFEX CAPITAL, LLC, v. NATIONAL FUTURES ASSOCIATION,, 933 F.3d 882 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Malesko , 534 U.S. 61, 63, 122 S.Ct. 515, 151 L.Ed.2d 456 (2001) ; a procedural due process suit against . . .

KELSAY, v. ERNST,, 933 F.3d 975 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 313, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995). . . .

MUHAMMAD, v. MAYFIELD,, 933 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . sought "a halal diet consisting of either halal meat or halal vegetarian entrées, not just halal meat." 515 . . .

IN RE ASCOT FUND LIMITED, a, 603 B.R. 271 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Merkin (In re BLMIS ), 515 B.R. 117, 126, 160 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2014). . . .

ADAM AND EVE JONESBORO, LLC, v. PERRIN, In, 933 F.3d 951 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 515 F.3d 867, 871 (8th Cir. 2008). . . .

REYES, v. FISCHER, J. X., 934 F.3d 97 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Conner , 515 U.S. 472, 484, 115 S.Ct. 2293, 132 L.Ed.2d 418 (1995) ). . . .

FURGESS, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 933 F.3d 285 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Cty. of Allegheny , 515 F.3d 224, 230 (3d Cir. 2008). Id. at 233. McDonald v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. HODGE, 933 F.3d 468 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995). . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . García-Padilla, 845 F.3d 505, 515 (1st Cir. 2017) (reviewing disposition of motion to intervene for abuse . . . Brock, 477 U.S. 274, 287, 106 S.Ct. 2523, 91 L.Ed.2d 228 (1986) (quoting Warth, 422 U.S. at 515-16, 95 . . . the claims for injunctive relief 'would require individualized proof' " (quoting Warth, 422 U.S. at 515 . . .

UNITED STATES v. DURAN,, 934 F.3d 407 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rasberry , 993 F.2d 513, 515-16 (5th Cir. 1993) (remanding case to allow appellant the opportunity to . . .

T. SCHMITT v. LAROSE,, 933 F.3d 628 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . the Windham initiative passed by a vote of 237 to 206, but the Garrettsville initiative failed 471 to 515 . . .

MALDONADO L. Jr. v. RODRIGUEZ, Jr., 932 F.3d 388 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 314-15, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995). . . .

TEXAS, v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION EEOC P. U. S., 933 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seven Falls Co. , 515 U.S. 277, 286, 115 S.Ct. 2137, 132 L.Ed.2d 214 (1995). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PRADO,, 933 F.3d 121 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515-16, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . See Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . Garcia , 587 F.3d 509, 515 (2d Cir. 2009). . . .

CANT v. M. MOODY S. S., 933 F.3d 414 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Malesko , 534 U.S. 61, 74, 122 S.Ct. 515, 151 L.Ed.2d 456 (2001) (rejecting Bivens action-against private . . . 275, 286-87, 121 S.Ct. 1511, 149 L.Ed.2d 517 (2001) ; see also Malesko , 534 U.S. at 75, 122 S.Ct. 515 . . .

GEICO CASUALTY COMPANY, v. ISAACSON R. S. Mo. K. M. a, 932 F.3d 721 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seven Falls Co. , 515 U.S. 277, 115 S.Ct. 2137, 132 L.Ed.2d 214 (1995) (reaffirming Brillhart ). . . . (citing Wilton , 515 U.S. at 282-90, 115 S.Ct. 2137 ). . . . Wilton , 515 U.S. at 288, 115 S.Ct. 2137. . . .

JACKSON, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 408 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kelly , 515 F.3d 149, 155 (2d Cir. 2008). . . .

UNITED STATES, v. GAUDET,, 933 F.3d 11 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Shinderman, 515 F.3d 5, 19 (1st Cir. 2008) ("Where, as here, the sentencing judge has presided over the . . .

D. LEISER, v. KLOTH,, 933 F.3d 696 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 319-20, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995). . . .

D. LISLE, Jr. v. WELBORN,, 933 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Conner , 515 U.S. 472, 484, 115 S.Ct. 2293, 132 L.Ed.2d 418 (1995). . . . Sandin , 515 U.S. at 486, 115 S.Ct. 2293 (inmates must demonstrate that punishment constituted dramatic . . .

VIEIRA, v. MENTOR WORLDWIDE, LLC LLC LLC, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1117 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . On April 10, 1991, the FDA published a final regulation under Section 515(b) of the FDCA requiring that . . .

J. MAHLER, v. FIRST DAKOTA TITLE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a LLC, a LLC C. A. Jr., 931 F.3d 799 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . C . , 606 F.3d 513, 515 n.2 (8th Cir. 2010) (issue of retaliation waived where appellant "made only passing . . .

MORENO- MARTINEZ, v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 515 F. App'x 463, 466 (6th Cir. 2013) (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(5) ). . . . App'x at 400 n.1 (quoting Juarez-Chavez , 515 F. . . .

CITY OF MIAMI GARDENS, a v. WELLS FARGO CO. N. A., 931 F.3d 1274 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hays , 515 U.S. 737, 742, 115 S.Ct. 2431, 132 L.Ed.2d 635 (1995) (alteration adopted) (citation and internal . . .

UNITED STATES v. DEL CARPIO FRESCAS,, 932 F.3d 324 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 522-23, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995). . . .

NOVAK, v. CITY OF PARMA, 932 F.3d 421 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 317, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995) )). . . .

DAVIS, v. GUAM M. C. F. P. F. I. M., 932 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 515-516, 120 S.Ct. 1044. . . . Id . at 515, 120 S.Ct. 1044. . . . Id . at 515, 517, 120 S.Ct. 1044. . . . Rice , 528 U.S. at 515, 120 S.Ct. 1044. . . . Id . at 515-16, 120 S.Ct. 1044. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MASSIMINO, 389 F. Supp. 3d 357 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . United States, 575 F.2d 515, 520-21 (5th Cir. 1978) (denying ineffective assistance of counsel claim . . .

CALZONE, v. T. OLSON,, 931 F.3d 722 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Acton , 515 U.S. 646, 652-53, 115 S.Ct. 2386, 132 L.Ed.2d 564 (1995). . . .

SMITH, v. TRAVELERS CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,, 932 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Small, Craig & Werkenthin, L.L.P ., 967 S.W.2d 511, 515 (Tex. App. 1998). . . .

NGUYEN, a v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC. a, 932 F.3d 811 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Behrend , 569 U.S. 27, 133 S.Ct. 1426, 185 L.Ed.2d 515 (2013), Plaintiff's proposed damages model is . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 313, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995). . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. NELSON,, 931 F.3d 588 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . LeBlanc , 175 F.3d 511, 515 (7th Cir. 1999) (same). . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . or defeat legislation was plainly not 'aimed at the suppression of dangerous ideas.' " 358 U.S. at 515 . . . Rector & Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 830, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995) (noting . . . extracurricular student activities that [were] related to the educational purpose of the University." 515 . . . The Supreme Court's decision in Rosenberger forecloses such a result. 515 U.S. at 844, 115 S.Ct. 2510 . . . Rosenberger , 515 U.S. at 835, 115 S.Ct. 2510. . . .

BRINDLEY, v. CITY OF MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, 934 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Org. , 307 U.S. 496, 515, 59 S.Ct. 954, 83 L.Ed. 1423 (1939) ("Wherever the title of streets and parks . . .

EDWARDS, v. PENIX, 388 F. Supp. 3d 135 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . James , 13 F.3d 515, 519 (2d Cir.1993) ). . . .

THOMPSON Z. T. G. T. III, S. T. T. T. v. DILL, 930 F.3d 1008 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 515 U.S. 304, 320, 115 S.Ct. 2151, 132 L.Ed.2d 238 (1995). . . . See Johnson , 515 U.S. at 319-20, 115 S.Ct. 2151. . . . See Johnson , 515 U.S. at 319-20, 115 S.Ct. 2151. B. . . .

RODRIGUEZ v. CITY OF SAN JOSE, 930 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Snipe , 515 F.3d 947, 952 (9th Cir. 2008). . . .

HARTMAN v. THOMPSON, 931 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rector & Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 829, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995). . . . Rector & Visitors of the Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 829, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995). . . . Irish-American Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Grp. of Bos., Inc. , 515 U.S. 557, 559, 115 S.Ct. 2338, 132 . . . See Hurley , 515 U.S. at 573-74, 115 S.Ct. 2338 (noting that Massachusetts's law would require the parade . . .

WECKESSER, v. KNIGHT ENTERPRISES S. E. LLC,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 631 (D.S.C. 2019)

. . . Detecon, Inc. , 515 F.3d 334, 343 (4th Cir. 2008) ("Our conclusion accords with that reached by our sister . . .

IN RE LICKING RIVER MINING, LLC, v. LLC,, 603 B.R. 336 (Bankr. E.D. Ky. 2019)

. . . In re Granite Partners, L.P. , 210 B.R. 508, 515 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1997). . . . (In re Akin) , 64 B.R. 510, 515 (Bankr. W.D. . . .

ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AFFILIATED PLANS, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Fox Television Stations, Inc. , 556 U.S. 502, 515, 129 S.Ct. 1800, 173 L.Ed.2d 738 (2009) (agencies may . . .

IN RE TRONOX, v. LLP D. A., 603 B.R. 712 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . W10Z/515 Real Estate Ltd. . . .

PIERRE- PAUL, v. P. BARR, U. S., 930 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Y & H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006). . . .

K. GRIGGS, v. CHICKASAW COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI,, 930 F.3d 696 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Town of Ball , 827 F.3d 515, 527 (5th Cir. 2016). . . .

G. BROWN, v. SERENITY C C, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 546 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Detecon, Inc., 515 F.3d 334 (4th Cir. 2008) ; Jones v. Virginia Oil Co., Inc., 69 F. . . .

CHACOTY, v. POMPEO, U. S., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Koray , 515 U.S. 50, 61, 115 S.Ct. 2021, 132 L.Ed.2d 46 (1995). . . . Fox Television Stations, Inc. , 556 U.S. 502, 515, 129 S.Ct. 1800, 173 L.Ed.2d 738 (2009). . . .

NAVAJO NATION, a a k a v. SAN JUAN COUNTY, a, 929 F.3d 1270 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 515 U.S. 900, 916, 115 S.Ct. 2475, 132 L.Ed.2d 762 (1995) ). . . . districting legislation represents a serious intrusion on the most vital of local functions," Miller , 515 . . . Miller , 515 U.S. at 916, 115 S.Ct. 2475 (emphasis added); accord Cooper , 137 S. Ct. at 1479. . . . Miller , 515 U.S. at 916, 115 S.Ct. 2475 (emphasis added). . . . See Miller , 515 U.S. at 920, 115 S.Ct. 2475. . . .

MANNING v. CALDWELL, s FOR CITY OF ROANOKE s, 930 F.3d 264 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Baltimore County , 515 F.3d 356, 369 (4th Cir. 2008). . . . New York , 333 U.S. 507, 515, 68 S.Ct. 665, 92 L.Ed. 840 (1948) ("The standards of certainty in statutes . . .

GRAVES, I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. LIOI L. Jr. I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. L. Jr., 930 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Murphy Farms, Inc. , 326 F.3d 505, 515 (4th Cir. 2003). . . .

CITY OF LOS ANGELES, v. P. BARR, R., 929 F.3d 1163 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fox Television Stations, Inc. , 556 U.S. 502, 515, 129 S.Ct. 1800, 173 L.Ed.2d 738 (2009) (emphasis in . . .

UNITED STATES v. RANKIN,, 929 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Aguilar , 515 U.S. 593, 599, 115 S.Ct. 2357, 132 L.Ed.2d 520 (1995) ). . . .

FUSARO, v. R. COGAN, C. J. A. J. Jr., 930 F.3d 241 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Balcerzak , 650 F.3d 515, 525 (4th Cir. 2011) (applying intermediate scrutiny to referendum signature . . . Rector & Visitors of Univ. of Va. , 515 U.S. 819, 829-30, 115 S.Ct. 2510, 132 L.Ed.2d 700 (1995). . . .

RICHARDSON, v. THOMAS,, 930 F.3d 587 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 515 F.3d 290, 300 n.2 (4th Cir. 2008) (observing that "neither Atkins nor Virginia law appear . . .

BRUMBACH, v. UNITED STATES v., 929 F.3d 791 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ferguson , 868 F.3d 514, 515 (6th Cir. 2017) (relying on United States v. . . .