The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIX
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS

Chapter 688
UNIFORM TRADE SECRETS ACT

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CHAPTER 688

UNIFORM TRADE SECRETS ACT

688.001 Short title.

688.002 Definitions.

688.003 Injunctive relief.

688.004 Damages.

688.005 Attorney’s fees.

688.006 Preservation of secrecy.

688.007 Statute of limitations.

688.008 Effect on other law.

688.009 Uniformity of application and construction.

688.001 Short title.—Sections 688.001-688.009 may be cited as the “Uniform Trade Secrets Act.”

History.—s. 1, ch. 88-254.

688.002 Definitions.—As used in ss. 688.001-688.009, unless the context requires otherwise:

(1) “Improper means” includes theft, bribery, misrepresentation, breach or inducement of a breach of a duty to maintain secrecy, or espionage through electronic or other means.

(2) “Misappropriation” means:

(a) Acquisition of a trade secret of another by a person who knows or has reason to know that the trade secret was acquired by improper means; or

(b) Disclosure or use of a trade secret of another without express or implied consent by a person who:

1. Used improper means to acquire knowledge of the trade secret; or

2. At the time of disclosure or use, knew or had reason to know that her or his knowledge of the trade secret was:

a. Derived from or through a person who had utilized improper means to acquire it;

b. Acquired under circumstances giving rise to a duty to maintain its secrecy or limit its use; or

c. Derived from or through a person who owed a duty to the person seeking relief to maintain its secrecy or limit its use; or

3. Before a material change of her or his position, knew or had reason to know that it was a trade secret and that knowledge of it had been acquired by accident or mistake.

(3) “Person” means a natural person, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity.

(4) “Trade secret” means information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program, device, method, technique, or process that:

(a) Derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use; and

(b) Is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy.

History.—s. 2, ch. 88-254; s. 750, ch. 97-102.

688.003 Injunctive relief.—

(1) Actual or threatened misappropriation may be enjoined. Upon application to the court, an injunction shall be terminated when the trade secret has ceased to exist, but the injunction may be continued for an additional reasonable period of time in order to eliminate commercial advantage that otherwise would be derived from the misappropriation.

(2) In exceptional circumstances, an injunction may condition future use upon payment of a reasonable royalty for no longer than the period of time for which use could have been prohibited. Exceptional circumstances include, but are not limited to, a material and prejudicial change of position prior to acquiring knowledge or reason to know of misappropriation that renders a prohibitive injunction inequitable.

(3) In appropriate circumstances, affirmative acts to protect a trade secret may be compelled by court order.

History.—s. 3, ch. 88-254.

688.004 Damages.—

(1) Except to the extent that a material and prejudicial change of position prior to acquiring knowledge or reason to know of misappropriation renders a monetary recovery inequitable, a complainant is entitled to recover damages for misappropriation. Damages can include both the actual loss caused by misappropriation and the unjust enrichment caused by misappropriation that is not taken into account in computing actual loss. In lieu of damages measured by any other methods, the damages caused by misappropriation may be measured by imposition of liability for a reasonable royalty for a misappropriator’s unauthorized disclosure or use of a trade secret.

(2) If willful and malicious misappropriation exists, the court may award exemplary damages in an amount not exceeding twice any award made under subsection (1).

History.—s. 4, ch. 88-254.

688.005 Attorney’s fees.—If a claim of misappropriation is made in bad faith, a motion to terminate an injunction is made or resisted in bad faith, or willful and malicious misappropriation exists, the court may award reasonable attorney’s fees to the prevailing party.

History.—s. 5, ch. 88-254.

688.006 Preservation of secrecy.—In an action under ss. 688.001-688.009, a court shall preserve the secrecy of an alleged trade secret by reasonable means, which may include granting protective orders in connection with discovery proceedings, holding in camera hearings, sealing the records of the action, and ordering any person involved in the litigation not to disclose an alleged trade secret without prior court approval.

History.—s. 6, ch. 88-254.

688.007 Statute of limitations.—An action for misappropriation must be brought within 3 years after the misappropriation is discovered or by the exercise of reasonable diligence should have been discovered. For the purposes of this section, a continuing misappropriation constitutes a single claim.

History.—s. 7, ch. 88-254.

688.008 Effect on other law.—

(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), ss. 688.001-688.009 displace conflicting tort, restitutory, and other law of this state providing civil remedies for misappropriation of a trade secret.

(2) This act does not affect:

(a) Contractual remedies, whether or not based upon misappropriation of a trade secret;

(b) Other civil remedies that are not based upon misappropriation of a trade secret; or

History.—s. 8, ch. 88-254; s. 20, ch. 91-110.

688.009 Uniformity of application and construction.—Sections 688.001-688.009 shall be applied and construed to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law with respect to the subject of this act among states enacting it.

History.—s. 9, ch. 88-254.

F.S. 688 on Google Scholar

F.S. 688 on Casetext

Amendments to 688

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 688

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 688.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

BARNES, v. AHLMAN,, 140 S. Ct. 2620 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Supp. 3d, at 688. . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . TVA , 297 U.S. 288, 347, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1936) (Brandeis, J., concurring)). . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . TVA , 297 U.S. 288, 346-348, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1936) (opinion of Brandeis, J.). . . . Id ., at 688. Doe 4 testified that the surgical procedure itself takes "two or three minutes." . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Kahanamoku , 327 U.S. 304, 307-308, 324, 66 S.Ct. 606, 90 L.Ed. 688 (1946). . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. , 572 U.S. 663, 688, n. 1, 134 S.Ct. 1962, 188 L.Ed.2d 979 (2014) ). . . .

L. BAXTER v. BRACEY,, 140 S. Ct. 1862 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Cooley, Law of Torts 688-689 (1880); J. . . .

ANDRUS v. TEXAS, 140 S. Ct. 1875 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . . Id. , at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . .

J. LOMAX, v. ORTIZ- MARQUEZ,, 140 S. Ct. 1721 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Clements , 688 F.3d 463, 465 (CA8 2012) ; Paul v. . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 974 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . E.P.A. , 688 F.3d 989, 994 (9th Cir. 2012) for the proposition that "[e]ven where rules are declared . . . Communities is clear that remand without vacatur should be ordered only in "limited circumstances." 688 . . .

SCHINK, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 935 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harris, 621 F.2d 688, 690 (5th Cir.1980) )). . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . .

BIRD, v. i DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES DHS, R., 935 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Palm Desert , 998 F.2d 680, 688 (9th Cir. 1993). . . .

RAY, v. COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, v. As, 935 F.3d 703 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Programs , 133 F.3d 683, 688 (9th Cir. 1997). When the D.C. . . .

SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL- DENVER, INC. v. M. AZAR II, U. S., 391 F. Supp. 3d 53 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Mem. at 16 (citing S2-AR at 688-92, 700-64). . . .

PANAH, v. CHAPPELL,, 935 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. ADAMS,, 934 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Miller , 673 F.3d 688, 692-93 (7th Cir. 2012), quoting Illinois v. . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Valley Auth. , 297 U.S. 288, 348, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1936) (Brandeis, J., concurring) ("[T]he . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . McNamara , 688 F. Supp. 830, 833 (D. Conn. 1988) (same). . . .

SAM K. v. SAUL,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 874 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Colvin , 813 F.3d 684, 688 (7th Cir. 2016) (concluding that the claimant's "persistence in struggling . . .

MYMAIL, LTD. v. OOVOO, LLC, IAC, 934 F.3d 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Los Angeles , 250 F.3d 668, 688-89 (9th Cir. 2001). . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 688, 66 S.Ct. 1187. Mt. . . . Clemens , 328 U.S. at 688, 66 S.Ct. 1187. . . .

ROMO, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Keisler , 506 F.3d 688, 692 (9th Cir. 2007). . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Teleflex Inc. , 550 U.S. 398, 419, 127 S.Ct. 1727, 167 L.Ed.2d 705 (2007) ; see In re Dillon , 919 F.2d 688 . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 688 F.2d 1025, 1032 n.7 (5th Cir. . . .

W. C. ENGLISH, INC. v. RUMMEL, KLEPPER KAHL, LLP CDM, 934 F.3d 398 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Patti Co. , 298 N.J.Super. 13, 688 A.2d 1088, 1093 (1997). . . .

IN RE JOHNSON, v., 935 F.3d 284 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Epps , 688 F.3d 177, 183 (5th Cir. 2012) (quoting Holland , 560 U.S. at 649, 130 S.Ct. 2549 ). . . .

OWNER OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSOCIATION, INC. L. B. L. LLC G. v. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION S. PTC K. PTC T. PTC T. Sr. PTC N. PTC P. PTC R. PTC s, 934 F.3d 283 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Valley Auth., 297 U.S. 288, 347, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1936) (Brandeis, J., concurring)). . . .

UNITED STATES EX REL. CHARTE v. AMERICAN TUTOR, INC. Jr. Sr., 934 F.3d 346 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Zito P'ship , 147 N.J. 561, 688 A.2d 1044, 1046 (1997) ("Quite aside from joinder of the controversies . . .

HAVLISH, v. FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY, Co., 934 F.3d 174 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Compania Peruana de Vapores , 688 F.2d 417, 426-27 (5th Cir. 1982) ("[S]uits against foreign states were . . .

J. AVENA, v. CHAPPELL,, 932 F.3d 1237 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . .

PATEL, v. FACEBOOK, INC., 932 F.3d 1264 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm'n , 688 F.2d 615, 633 (9th Cir.1982) ("[A] district court's order respecting class status is not . . .

L. ROMANSKY, v. SUPERINTENDENT GREENE SCI, 933 F.3d 293 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Horn , 485 F.3d 103, 127 (3d Cir. 2007) (quoting Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052 ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PEDROZA- ROCHA,, 933 F.3d 490 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. , at 688-89, 2019 WL 3229150 at *3. . . . Id. , at 688-89, 2019 WL 3229150 at *3-4. . . .

DUMONT, v. REILY FOODS COMPANY, 934 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . RBW, LLC, 688 F.3d 26, 39 (1st Cir. 2012) (applying this standard from Aspinall ). . . . See Edlow, 688 F.3d at 39. . . .

P. DYER, v. VENTRA SANDUSKY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 472 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Valley View Local Schs ., 579 F.3d 688, 691 (6th Cir. 2009) (citing 29 U.S.C. § 2617(a)(1) ). . . .

BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Astrue , 688 F.3d 306 (7th Cir. 2012) ; Simila v. . . . Astrue , 688 F.3d 661, 672 (9th Cir. 2012). . . . Astrue , 688 F.3d 306, 312 (7th Cir. 2012) ; Simila v. Astrue , 573 F.3d 503, 520 (7th Cir. 2009). . . .

KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . (Trial Tr. at 137, 147 (Taylor); Trial Tr. at 688, 837 (Vamvakas); see also Trial Tr. at 463-66 (Munsell . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIMPSON, 932 F.3d 1154 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thompson , 653 F.3d 688, 691, 693-94 (8th Cir. 2011). . . .

IN RE N. JAFFE,, 932 F.3d 602 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . See In re Chinosorn , 243 B.R. 688, 694 (Bankr. N.D. . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. JOHNSON,, 933 F.3d 540 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan , 687 F.3d 688, 693 (6th Cir. 2012). . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. RIVERA- CARRASQUILLO, a k a KX, a k a a k a a k a n V a k a, 933 F.3d 33 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Ctr., Inc., 14 F.3d 684, 688 (1st Cir. 1994). Nothing more need be said about these arguments. . . .

PENNSYLVANIA NATIONAL MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, v. BEACH MART, INC. L L, 932 F.3d 268 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 315 N.C. 688, 340 S.E.2d 374, 377 (1986). . . .

BONNER, v. Ms. SIPPLE,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 594 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . App'x 681, 688 (3d Cir. 2015) (per curiam) ("Merely responding to or reviewing an inmate grievance does . . .

K. HASSEN, v. RUSTON LOUISIANA HOSPITAL COMPANY, L. L. C., 932 F.3d 353 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . LHC Grp., Inc. , 773 F.3d 688, 700 (5th Cir. 2014). Zenor v. . . .

BRAKEBILL v. JAEGER,, 932 F.3d 671 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Post , at 682, 688-89. . . .

ATLAS BREW WORKS, LLC, v. P. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 6 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . . & Canada, AFL-CIO, 721 F.3d 678, 688 (D.C. Cir. 2013) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELDMAN,, 931 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 246 Ind. 680, 208 N.E.2d 685, 688-69 (1965) ). . . .

HESS, III v. COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY,, 931 F.3d 198 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Chater , 92 F.3d 688, 694-95 (8th Cir. 1996) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORNETTE,, 932 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 716 F.3d 685, 688 (2d Cir. 2013) ("Whether a prior conviction qualifies as a predicate . . .

UNITED STATES v. DITOMASSO,, 932 F.3d 58 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GALECKI, v., 932 F.3d 176 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tuma , 738 F.3d 681, 688 (5th Cir. 2013) (reviewing compulsory process claim de novo ), United States . . .

UNITED STATES v. DEL CARPIO FRESCAS,, 932 F.3d 324 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 445, 54 Stat. 688. . . .

NOVAK, v. CITY OF PARMA, 932 F.3d 421 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Educ. , 116 Ohio App.3d 564, 688 N.E.2d 1058, 1061 (1996). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAILEY,, 931 F.3d 558 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan , 687 F.3d 688, 693 (6th Cir. 2012). . . .

UNITED STATES v. VALENZUELA,, 931 F.3d 605 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Keisler , 506 F.3d 688, 692-94 (9th Cir. 2007), and argues that there the Ninth Circuit "decided differently . . .

UNITED STATES v. BONIN,, 932 F.3d 523 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Miller , 673 F.3d 688, 697 (7th Cir. 2012). . . .

DIXON, v. L. RYAN,, 932 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . .

TRACIE H. v. SAUL,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 990 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Astrue , 688 F.3d 306, 310 (7th Cir. 2012). . . . Astrue, 688 F.3d 306, 312 (7th Cir. 2012) ("Despite these shortcomings, the ALJ adequately evaluated . . .

IN RE CANNON,, 931 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 2253, 198 L.Ed.2d 688 (2017). . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supra at 688. . . . Supra at 688. . . .

CARVAJAL VASQUEZ, v. GAMBA ACEVEDO,, 931 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ahmed , 867 F.3d 682, 688 (6th Cir. 2017). . . .

N DIAYE, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 656 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder, 688 F.3d 536, 538 (8th Cir. 2012) ). . . .

DJERF, v. L. RYAN,, 931 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). . . . Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . . Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORRALES- VAZQUEZ,, 931 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pepe , 895 F.3d 679, 688 (9th Cir. 2018), or for "questions which 'merely lurk in the record,' " United . . .

W. EATON, v. PACHECO,, 931 F.3d 1009 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pollard , 688 F.3d 853, 859 (7th Cir. 2012) (" Pinholster prohibits federal evidentiary hearings only . . . See Porter , 558 U.S. at 39, 130 S.Ct. 447 ; Toliver , 688 F.3d at 859. . . .

DIAZ- QUIRAZCO, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dec. 684, 688 (BIA 2004) (emphasis added). . . . Id. at 688. . . . Dec. at 688 (emphasis added); accord Cuellar-Gomez , 25 I. & N. . . . Dec. at 688 (discussing foreign jurisdictions). . . . Dec. 684, 687, 688 (BIA 2004) (en banc); Matter of Cuellar-Gomez , 25 I. & N. . . .

MATSON, v. SANDERSON FARMS, INC., 388 F. Supp. 3d 853 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . LHC Grp., Inc. , 773 F.3d 688, 694 (5th Cir. 2014) (ADA discrimination); Feist v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. GOODRIDGE,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 159 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Sullivan , 98 F.3d 686, 688 (1st Cir. 1996) (citing cases). . . .

ERWIN HYMER GROUP NORTH AMERICA, INC. v. UNITED STATES,, 930 F.3d 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 688 F.3d 1319, 1323 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (quoting Miller & Co. v. . . .

IN RE HANNA, DMM s, v., 603 B.R. 571 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Bentley (In re Bentley), 531 B.R. 671, 688 (Bankr. S.D. . . . In re Luppino, 221 B.R. at 701 ; see also In re Bentley, 531 B.R. at 688 ("Fraud by non-disclosure is . . .

DISABILITY RIGHTS MONTANA, INC. v. BATISTA,, 930 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Law Offices of Sidney Mickell , 688 F.3d 1015, 1034 (9th Cir. 2012) (applying these factors from Arnett . . .

CABRERA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 627 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Commonwealth , 279 Va. 94, 688 S.E.2d 168, 177 (2010). . . . Hamilton , 688 S.E.2d at 177 (emphasis added); accord Rushing v. . . . Hamilton , 688 S.E.2d at 177. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MOODY, v., 930 F.3d 991 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tabor , 531 F.3d 688, 692 (8th Cir. 2008). . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIHAI CHENG,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 141 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984) ). . . . (quoting Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688-89, 104 S.Ct. 2052 ). . . .

G. BROWN, v. SERENITY C C, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 546 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . PNGI Charles Town Gaming, L.L.C., 564 F.3d 688, 694 (4th Cir. 2009) ("[T]he administrative-production . . .

MEZA- LOPEZ, v. UNITED STATES, 929 F.3d 1041 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. We hold that it did not. . . . Strickland, 466 U.S. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . .

KNIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS CORPORATION, v. HENKEL AG COMPANY, KGAA,, 930 F.3d 775 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sandy Hook Hydro, LLC , 150 Conn.App. 682, 688, 92 A.3d 996, 1001 (Conn. App. 2014). . . .

UNITED STATES EX REL. MEI LING, v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 744 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Lockheed Martin Corp. , 688 F.3d 1037, 1047 (9th Cir. 2012). . . .

UNITED STATES v. STRUBBERG,, 929 F.3d 969 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thompson , 653 F.3d 688, 694 (8th Cir. 2011). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PHILLIPS,, 929 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Caguana , 884 F.3d 681, 688 (7th Cir. 2018) (rejecting the defendant's argument "that under the Uniform . . .

ABC SOILS, INC. v. DRS POWER TECHNOLOGY, INC., 386 F. Supp. 3d 107 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Ct. 691, 696, 941 N.E.2d 688, 692 (2011). . . .

IN RE J. TRUMP, D. H., 928 F.3d 360 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. , 643 F.3d 681, 688 (9th Cir. 2011) (emphasis added). . . .

H. WILSON, v. SAFELITE GROUP, INC., 930 F.3d 429 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dillingham , 688 F.2d 1367, 1372 (11th Cir. 1982) ). . . .

SIMON, v. GOVERNMENT OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, 929 F.3d 118 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052 ; see also Gov't of V.I. v. . . .

WILLIAMSON, v. BREVARD COUNTY,, 928 F.3d 1296 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Valley Auth., 297 U.S. 288, 346-47, 56 S.Ct. 466, 80 L.Ed. 688 (1935) (Brandeis, J., concurring) (laying . . .

KHAN, v. UNITED STATES, 928 F.3d 1264 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . that asks "whether counsel's assistance was reasonable considering all the circumstances." 466 U.S. at 688 . . . Id. at 688-89, 104 S.Ct. 2052. . . . counsel's assistance was reasonable considering all the circumstances' " (quoting Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688 . . .

UNITED STATES v. J. SAGUTO,, 929 F.3d 519 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). . . .

OGLESBY, v. LESAN, 929 F.3d 526 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Wright, 688 F.3d 922, 926 (8th Cir. 2012). . . . See Wright, 688 F.3d at 926. . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Op. at 688. . . . Op. at 688-89. . . . Op. at 688-90 & n.16. . . . Op. at 688. . . .

LARSON, v. CITY OF ALGOOD, TENNESSEE, v. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 874 (M.D. Tenn. 2019)

. . . Alamo Rent-A-Car Inc., 4 S.W.3d 677, 688 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1999) ). . . . (quoting Reed, 4 S.W.3d at 688 ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JONES, v., 930 F.3d 366 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Vitale , 596 F.2d 688, 689 (5th Cir. 1979) (explaining that testimony regarding a tip is permissible . . .

TD BANK N. A. v. W. HILL, II,, 928 F.3d 259 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Gerzof , 206 A.D.2d 688, 690, 615 N.Y.S.2d 465 (N.Y. App. Div. 1994). . . .

UNITED STATES v. DINKINS,, 928 F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Partlow , 272 N.C. 60, 157 S.E.2d 688, 692 (1967) (explaining that an indictment for accessory before . . .

UNITED STATES v. MORGAN,, 929 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Miller , 673 F.3d 688, 697 (7th Cir. 2012). . . .

SISSE, v. MONIZ,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 63 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 688, 701, 121 S.Ct. 2491, 150 L.Ed.2d 653 (2001) ). . . .

RAULERSON, Jr. v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 987 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y, Dep't of Corr. , 643 F.3d 907, 928 (11th Cir. 2011) (quoting Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 690 . . .

ESTATE OF MENDEZ, Sr. Jr. v. CITY OF CERES,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 1189 (E.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Ltd. , 688 F.2d 1259, 1262 n.4 (9th Cir. 1982). . . . Oxford Properties , 688 F.2d at 1262 n.4. . . . Ltd. , 688 F.2d 1259, 1262 n.4 (9th Cir. 1982) : "First of all, that was a case about lienholders and . . . Oxford Properties , 688 F.2d at 1262 n.4. . . .

HALL- WADLEY, v. MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT,, 386 F. Supp. 3d 512 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Beyer , 293 F.3d 683, 688 (3d Cir. 2002) (quoting Holley v. . . .

PALMER, v. P. FRANZ, RN,, 928 F.3d 560 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Wexford Health Sources, Inc. , 710 F.3d 688, 689 (7th Cir. 2013), is informative. . . .

J. K. J. M. J. J. v. POLK COUNTY L., 928 F.3d 576 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dickerson , 705 F.3d 683, 688 (7th Cir. 2013) (citation and internal quotations omitted). . . .